中国畜牧兽医 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (1): 49-60.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.01.005
邱晓桐1,2(
), 符兵2, 范兰芬1, 周东来2, 李庆荣2, 邢东旭2(
)
收稿日期:2025-03-19
出版日期:2026-01-05
发布日期:2025-12-26
通讯作者:
邢东旭
E-mail:qiuxtong56@163.com;dongxuxing@126.com
作者简介:邱晓桐,E-mail:qiuxtong56@163.com
基金资助:
QIU Xiaotong1,2(
), FU Bing2, FAN Lanfen1, ZHOU Donglai2, LI Qingrong2, XING Dongxu2(
)
Received:2025-03-19
Online:2026-01-05
Published:2025-12-26
Contact:
XING Dongxu
E-mail:qiuxtong56@163.com;dongxuxing@126.com
摘要:
桑树作为一种具有重要经济价值、药用价值和生态价值的木本植物,其主要开发利用部位包括桑椹、桑叶、桑枝和桑根皮。这些部位富含黄酮、多糖、多酚、生物碱等活性成分,具有促进生长、降血糖、降血脂、抗炎、增强抗氧化能力和免疫能力、提升肉品质等多种生物学功能。随着科技的快速发展,桑活性成分的提取工艺不断优化,常用的方法包括溶剂浸提、超声辅助萃取和酶辅助萃取。桑树因其活性成分含量高、天然无残留、可再生等优势,在后抗生素时代展现出广阔的应用前景,近年来也逐渐被应用于水产养殖领域。然而,桑树活性物质中单体的作用效果、在不同物种上的使用剂量标准有待明确,桑树资源加工技术的标准化和规模化等问题亟待解决。基于此,笔者综述了桑树资源的分类及其价值、活性成分提取工艺及其对水产动物生长性能、抗氧化、免疫、糖脂代谢和肉品质的影响,以期为新型饲料资源开发和桑树资源饲用化利用提供借鉴与参考。
中图分类号:
邱晓桐, 符兵, 范兰芬, 周东来, 李庆荣, 邢东旭. 桑树资源在水产动物中的应用[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2026, 53(1): 49-60.
QIU Xiaotong, FU Bing, FAN Lanfen, ZHOU Donglai, LI Qingrong, XING Dongxu. Application of Mulberry Resources in Aquatic Animals[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2026, 53(1): 49-60.
表1
桑树资源中主要活性成分提取/制备方法"
桑树资源种类 Mulberry resource types | 活性成分 Active ingredients | 提取/制备方法 Extraction / preparation method | 提取/制备条件 Extraction/preparation conditions | 得率 Yield | 参考文献 References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
桑椹 White mulberry fruit | 桑椹多糖 | 超声提取法 | 脱脂桑椹粉∶蒸馏水=1∶27,超声功率100 W,超声时间35 min,提取3次 | 10.81% | 李德龙等[ |
| 花青素 | 超声波辅助法 | 桑椹粉∶乙醇(65%)=1∶10,超声功率1 600 W,提取时间20 min,提取温度50 ℃ | 2.88 mg/g | 卫春会等[ | |
桑叶 White mulberry leaf | 桑叶多糖 | 超声-微波协同提取法 | 脱脂桑叶粉∶乙醇(75%)=1∶25,超声功率139 W,微波功率250 W,协同时间14 min | 5.19% | 张华等[ |
| 桑叶黄酮 | 超声波辅助法 | 桑叶粉∶乙醇(55%)=1∶30,超声时间17 min,提取温度50 ℃ | 3.62% | 张心壮等[ | |
| 1-脱氧野尻霉素 | 超声细胞破碎机提取法 | 氯化胆碱/甘油的摩尔比为1∶3.4,含水量40%,超声时间32 min,重复3次 | 1.445 mg/g | 王璐等[ | |
| 桑叶多酚 | 超声辅助低共熔溶剂法 | 氯化胆碱/果糖/乙醇摩尔比为1∶1∶2,含水量45%,桑叶粉∶蒸馏水=1∶40,超声功率360 W,超声温度40 ℃,超声时间40 min | 76.82 mg/g | 吴均等[ | |
| 桑叶低聚糖 | 生物酶解法 | 半纤维素酶添加量60 U/mL,桑叶多糖浓度20 mg/mL,反应温度55 ℃,pH 4.7,反应时间8 h | 20.2% | 谭凤翔等[ | |
| 桑叶提取物 | 水提法 | 脱脂桑叶粉∶蒸馏水=1∶30,100 ℃水浴回流,提取3次 | 桑叶多糖352.18 mg/g;桑叶黄酮 41.91 mg/g | 周东来等[ | |
| 桑叶提取物 | 醇提法(超声波辅助) | 脱脂桑叶粉∶乙醇(75%)=1∶30,超声时间30 min,提取温度40 ℃,提取3次 | 桑叶多糖15.57%;桑叶黄酮2.69% | 周东来等[ | |
桑枝 White mulberry branchlet | 桑枝生物碱 | 超声提取法 | 桑枝粉∶蒸馏水=1∶30,超声功率300 W,提取温度65 ℃,pH 2.5 | 0.1026% | 曹琳等[ |
| 桑枝多糖 | 微波法 | 脱脂桑枝粉∶蒸馏水=1∶20,微波功率400 W,微波时间6 min | 2.81% | 纵伟等[ | |
| 桑枝(总)黄酮 | 超声提取法 | 桑枝粉∶乙醇(80%)=1∶8,超声时间20 min提取3次 | 0.719% | 陈建明等[ | |
| 桑枝低聚糖 | 酶解法 | 桑枝粉∶McIlvaine缓冲液(100 mmol/L,pH 5.0)=1∶25,木聚糖酶-甲基丙烯酸酯和纤维素酶各50 U/mL,转速140 r/min,酶解时间20 h,酶解温度50 ℃ | 8.72 mg/mL | Shi等[ | |
桑根皮 White mulberry root | 桑根皮黄酮 | 醇提取法 | 桑根皮粉∶乙醇(90%)=1∶25,提取温度95 ℃,提取3次,每次3 h | 2.452% | 杨晶等[ |
| 桑根皮多糖 | 超声波辅助法 | 桑根皮粉∶蒸馏水=1∶20, 超声时间30 min, 提取温度50 ℃, 提取2次 | 6.20% | 陈华等[ |
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