中国畜牧兽医 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (1): 179-189.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.01.016
王晓涵1(
), 吴慧光2, 任立敬1, 赵江南1, 林淼1, 赵静雯1(
)
修回日期:2025-06-17
出版日期:2026-01-05
发布日期:2025-12-26
通讯作者:
赵静雯
E-mail:18763657155@163.com;zhaojingwen79@163.com
作者简介:王晓涵,E-mail:18763657155@163.com
基金资助:
WANG Xiaohan1(
), WU Huiguang2, REN Lijing1, ZHAO Jiangnan1, LIN Miao1, ZHAO Jingwen1(
)
Revised:2025-06-17
Online:2026-01-05
Published:2025-12-26
Contact:
ZHAO Jingwen
E-mail:18763657155@163.com;zhaojingwen79@163.com
摘要:
目的 探讨饲粮中添加不同剂量月桂酸甘油酯(GML)对奶牛生长性能、血液生化指标、瘤胃发酵参数及甲烷排放的影响。 方法 选取48头体重接近、健康的7月龄荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为4组,每组12头。依据试验动物每日干物质采食量,在基础饲粮中分别添加0(对照组)、0.6%、1.2%、1.8% GML。预饲期14 d,正试期56 d。在试验第0和50天对奶牛进行称重,计算平均日增重;在第50~54天使用直肠采粪法收集粪样,用于营养物质表观消化率测定;在第0和51天采集瘤胃液,用于瘤胃发酵参数测定;在第52天采集血液,用于血清生化指标测定;在第49~56天采用呼吸面具进行奶牛气体排放速率测定。 结果 ①0.6% GML组奶牛终末体重和平均日增重均显著低于其他组(P<0.05)。0.6%和1.8%组奶牛中性洗涤纤维表观消化率显著低于对照组及1.2% GML组(P<0.05);1.2% GML组酸性洗涤纤维和粗蛋白质表观消化率显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。②奶牛瘤胃液中微生物蛋白含量与pH在各组间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。在试验第51天,奶牛瘤胃液中乙酸、丙酸含量和乙丙比随着GML添加量增加呈显著线性变化(P<0.05)。③奶牛血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、尿素、葡萄糖、甘油三酯、脂肪酶含量在各组间均无显著差异(P>0.05);1.2% GML组白球比和总胆固醇含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。④通过呼吸面具测定,0.6% GML组奶牛甲烷和二氧化碳排放速率较对照组显示出轻微降低趋势,而1.2%和1.8% GML组则表现出略高的排放速率,但各组间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。 结论 饲粮中添加0.6% GML具有一定的减排效果,可降低奶牛甲烷和二氧化碳排放速率,且影响生长性能;而较高剂量GML(1.2%和1.8%)则在改善瘤胃粗蛋白质和酸性纤维利用率及促进日增重方面显示出潜在优势。
中图分类号:
王晓涵, 吴慧光, 任立敬, 赵江南, 林淼, 赵静雯. 月桂酸甘油酯对奶牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵参数、血清生化指标及气体排放的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2026, 53(1): 179-189.
WANG Xiaohan, WU Huiguang, REN Lijing, ZHAO Jiangnan, LIN Miao, ZHAO Jingwen. Effects of Glycerol Monolaurate on Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation Parameters, Serum Biochemical Indices, and Gas Emissions in Dairy Cows[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2026, 53(1): 179-189.
表1
饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础) (%)"
原料 Ingredients | 含量 Contents | 营养成分 Nutrient components | 含量 Contents |
|---|---|---|---|
| 玉米青贮 Corn silage | 68.29 | 生长净能 NEg/(MJ/kg) | 6.78 |
| 精料补充料 Concentrate supplement | 10.01 | 粗蛋白质 CP | 16.13 |
| 西班牙苜蓿草 Spanish alfalfa | 8.00 | 粗脂肪 EE | 12.33 |
| 啤酒糟 Brewer’s grains | 7.95 | 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 51.21 |
| 甜菜粕 Beet pulp | 1.70 | 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 35.56 |
| 玉米压片 Corn flake | 1.40 | 粗灰分 Ash | 11.65 |
| 棉籽 Cottonseed | 1.10 | ||
| 燕麦草 Oat grass | 0.85 | ||
| 豆粕 Bean pulp | 0.70 | ||
| 合计 Total | 100.00 |
表5
各组奶牛瘤胃液中挥发性脂肪酸含量"
项目 Items | 时间 Time/d | GML添加量 GML addition/% | 标准误SEM | P值 P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 处理Treatment | 线性Linear | 二次Quadratic | |||
| 乙酸 Acetic acid/% | 0 | 68.42 | 67.52 | 66.76 | 67.51 | 0.49 | 0.76 | 0.49 | 0.47 |
| 51 | 65.84ab | 64.74b | 67.50ab | 69.25a | 0.64 | 0.06 | <0.05 | 0.23 | |
| 丙酸 Propionic acid/% | 0 | 20.20 | 21.34 | 21.02 | 21.45 | 0.43 | 0.79 | 0.44 | 0.72 |
| 51 | 23.48a | 23.18ab | 21.61ab | 19.63b | 0.62 | 0.15 | <0.05 | 0.48 | |
| 丁酸 Butyric acid/% | 0 | 11.39 | 11.14 | 12.22 | 11.04 | 0.41 | 0.79 | 0.99 | 0.62 |
| 51 | 10.69 | 12.09 | 10.89 | 11.12 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.97 | 0.31 | |
| 总挥发性脂肪酸 TVFA/(mmol/L) | 0 | 51.61b | 71.02b | 114.39a | 64.36b | 8.64 | <0.05 | 0.08 | <0.05 |
| 51 | 56.01 | 41.53 | 50.15 | 54.10 | 2.62 | 0.20 | 0.91 | 0.09 | |
| 乙丙比 A/P | 0 | 3.39 | 3.17 | 3.20 | 3.19 | 0.08 | 0.80 | 0.49 | 0.57 |
| 51 | 2.86 | 2.83 | 3.14 | 3.61 | 0.12 | 0.09 | <0.05 | 0.27 | |
表6
各组奶牛血清生化指标测定结果"
项目 Items | GML添加量 GML addition/% | 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 处理Treatment | 线性Linear | 二次Quadratic | ||
| 总蛋白 TP/(g/L) | 71.73 | 71.23 | 70.60 | 72.90 | 1.47 | 0.97 | 0.85 | 0.69 |
| 白蛋白 ALB/(g/L) | 35.07 | 35.40 | 40.50 | 38.03 | 1.06 | 0.24 | 0.15 | 0.49 |
| 球蛋白 GLO/(g/L) | 36.67 | 35.83 | 30.10 | 34.87 | 1.20 | 0.22 | 0.46 | <0.05 |
| 白球比 A/G | 0.96b | 0.99b | 1.36a | 1.10b | 0.06 | <0.05 | 0.06 | 0.09 |
| 尿素 UREA/(mmol/L) | 4.67 | 4.68 | 4.57 | 4.72 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.12 | 0.61 |
| 葡萄糖 GLU/(mmol/L) | 4.93 | 4.59 | 5.09 | 4.93 | 0.11 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.80 |
| 总胆固醇 TC/(mmol/L) | 3.08b | 2.83b | 4.07a | 3.06b | 0.18 | <0.05 | 0.31 | 0.15 |
| 甘油三酯 TG/(mmol/L) | 0.35 | 0.34 | 0.48 | 0.37 | 0.03 | 0.42 | 0.47 | 0.47 |
| 脂肪酶 LPS/(U/L) | 13.77 | 8.53 | 10.20 | 15.30 | 1.50 | 0.40 | 0.65 | 0.12 |
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