中国畜牧兽医 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (1): 179-189.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.01.016

• 营养与饲料 • 上一篇    下一篇

月桂酸甘油酯对奶牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵参数、血清生化指标及气体排放的影响

王晓涵1(), 吴慧光2, 任立敬1, 赵江南1, 林淼1, 赵静雯1()   

  1. 1.扬州大学动物科学与技术学院,扬州 225009
    2.扬州大学兽医学院,扬州 225009
  • 修回日期:2025-06-17 出版日期:2026-01-05 发布日期:2025-12-26
  • 通讯作者: 赵静雯 E-mail:18763657155@163.com;zhaojingwen79@163.com
  • 作者简介:王晓涵,E-mail:18763657155@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省研究生实践创新计划项目(SJCX23-1996);江苏省碳达峰与碳中和科技创新专项(BE2022309);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-36)

Effects of Glycerol Monolaurate on Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation Parameters, Serum Biochemical Indices, and Gas Emissions in Dairy Cows

WANG Xiaohan1(), WU Huiguang2, REN Lijing1, ZHAO Jiangnan1, LIN Miao1, ZHAO Jingwen1()   

  1. 1.College of Animal Science and Technology,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China
    2.College of Veterinary Medicine,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China
  • Revised:2025-06-17 Online:2026-01-05 Published:2025-12-26
  • Contact: ZHAO Jingwen E-mail:18763657155@163.com;zhaojingwen79@163.com

摘要:

目的 探讨饲粮中添加不同剂量月桂酸甘油酯(GML)对奶牛生长性能、血液生化指标、瘤胃发酵参数及甲烷排放的影响。 方法 选取48头体重接近、健康的7月龄荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为4组,每组12头。依据试验动物每日干物质采食量,在基础饲粮中分别添加0(对照组)、0.6%、1.2%、1.8% GML。预饲期14 d,正试期56 d。在试验第0和50天对奶牛进行称重,计算平均日增重;在第50~54天使用直肠采粪法收集粪样,用于营养物质表观消化率测定;在第0和51天采集瘤胃液,用于瘤胃发酵参数测定;在第52天采集血液,用于血清生化指标测定;在第49~56天采用呼吸面具进行奶牛气体排放速率测定。 结果 ①0.6% GML组奶牛终末体重和平均日增重均显著低于其他组(P<0.05)。0.6%和1.8%组奶牛中性洗涤纤维表观消化率显著低于对照组及1.2% GML组(P<0.05);1.2% GML组酸性洗涤纤维和粗蛋白质表观消化率显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。②奶牛瘤胃液中微生物蛋白含量与pH在各组间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。在试验第51天,奶牛瘤胃液中乙酸、丙酸含量和乙丙比随着GML添加量增加呈显著线性变化(P<0.05)。③奶牛血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、尿素、葡萄糖、甘油三酯、脂肪酶含量在各组间均无显著差异(P>0.05);1.2% GML组白球比和总胆固醇含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。④通过呼吸面具测定,0.6% GML组奶牛甲烷和二氧化碳排放速率较对照组显示出轻微降低趋势,而1.2%和1.8% GML组则表现出略高的排放速率,但各组间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。 结论 饲粮中添加0.6% GML具有一定的减排效果,可降低奶牛甲烷和二氧化碳排放速率,且影响生长性能;而较高剂量GML(1.2%和1.8%)则在改善瘤胃粗蛋白质和酸性纤维利用率及促进日增重方面显示出潜在优势。

关键词: 月桂酸甘油酯; 奶牛; 生长性能; 瘤胃发酵参数; 甲烷

Abstract:

Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of glycerol monolaurate (GML) on the growth performance, rumen fermentation parameters, serum biochemical indices, and gas emissions in dairy cows. Method Forty-eight seven-month-old healthy Holstein cows with similar body weights were selected and randomly assigned to four groups with twelve cows per group. Based on the daily dry matter intake of the test animals, 0 (control group), 0.6%, 1.2% and 1.8% GML were added to the basic feed, respectively. The pretest period was 14 days, the main test period was 56 days. The body weight of dairy cows were weighed on the 0 and 50th days, and the average daily weight gain was calculated. Fecal samples of dairy cows were collected using rectal fecal sampling on the 50th to 54th days for the determination of nutrient apparent digestibility. Rumen fluid of dairy cows was collected on the 0 and 51st days for the determination of rumen fermentation parameters. Blood samples were collected on the 52nd days for the determination of serum biochemical indices, and the respiratory mask was used to determine the rate of gas emission from dairy cows on the 49th to 56th days. Result ①The final body weight and average daily gain of dairy cows in 0.6% GML group were significantly lower than those in other groups (P<0.05). The apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber of dairy cows in 0.6% and 1.8% GML groups were significantly lower than that in control and 1.2% GML groups (P<0.05), and the apparent digestibility of acid detergent fiber and crude protein were significantly higher than those in other groups (P<0.05). ②There were no significant differences of microbial protein content and pH in rumen fluid of dairy cows in each group (P>0.05). The contents of acetic acid (A) and propionic acid (P) and A/P value in rumen fluid of dairy cows on the 51st days showed significant linearly changes with the amount of GML additive (P<0.05). ③There were no significant differences of total protein, albumin, urea, glucose, triglyceride and lipase in serum of dairy cows in each group (P>0.05). The white globule ratio and total cholesterol content in 1.2% GML group were significantly lower than those in other groups (P<0.05). ④Methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission rates measured by respiratory mask showed a slight decreasing trend in 0.6% GML group compared with control group, whereas 1.2% and 1.8% GML groups showed marginally higher emission. However, no significant differences were detected in each group (P>0.05). Conclusion Supplementing the diet with 0.6% GML exerted a certain emissions-reducing effect by lowering CH4 and CO2 emission rates, while also affecting growth performance. However, higher doses of GML (1.2% and 1.8%) demonstrated potential advantages in improving the utilization rate of crude protein and acidic fiber in rumen, as well as promoting daily weight gain.

Key words: glycerol monolaurate; dairy cows; growth performance; rumen fermentation parameters; methane

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