花生秧复合膨化饲料对育肥湖羊生长性能、瘤胃发酵及微生物组成的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.09.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究花生秧、玉米及尿素复合膨化饲料替代精料对育肥湖羊生长性能、瘤胃发酵参数及微生物组成的影响，以期为花生秧复合膨化饲料在育肥湖羊生产上的应用提供参考。【方法】选取90只体重相近、体况良好的育肥期湖羊，随机分为3组，每组6个重复，每个重复5只。3组湖羊饲粮中，以复合膨化饲料等量替代精料，替代水平分别为0(对照组)、10%(试验Ⅰ组)和20%(试验Ⅱ组)。预饲期15 d，试验期60 d。分别于试验开始及结束时对湖羊进行称重，每天记录采食量，并于试验结束后采集血液和瘤胃液，用于生长性能、血清生化、瘤胃发酵参数及微生物区系的测定。【结果】与对照组相比，①试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组湖羊的平均日采食量、平均日增重与终末体重极显著或显著升高(P＜0.01；P＜0.05)，料重比显著降低(P＜0.05)。②试验Ⅱ组湖羊血清尿素氮含量显著增加(P＜0.05)。③试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组湖羊瘤胃液乙酸、丙酸、总挥发性脂肪酸及氨态氮浓度均极显著升高(P＜0.01)，pH极显著降低(P＜0.01)；试验Ⅱ组瘤胃液乙丙比显著降低(P＜0.05)。④试验Ⅱ组湖羊瘤胃菌群Ace指数显著增加(P＜0.05)；主坐标分析(PCoA)显示，各试验组湖羊瘤胃微生物菌群明显分离。⑤在门水平上，试验Ⅱ组湖羊瘤胃液中拟杆菌门相对丰度显著升高(P＜0.05)，而厚壁菌门相对丰度显著降低(P＜0.05)。⑥在属水平上，试验Ⅰ组湖羊瘤胃球菌相对丰度显著升高(P＜0.05)；试验Ⅱ组湖羊瘤胃液中普雷沃菌属相对丰度显著升高(P＜0.05)。【结论】以花生秧、玉米和尿素为原料的复合膨化饲料替代精料，能够提高育肥湖羊的生长性能，促进瘤胃发酵，并增加瘤胃微生物的多样性。

关键词: 膨化饲料; 花生秧; 湖羊; 生长性能; 瘤胃发酵; 瘤胃微生物

Abstract: 【Objective】 The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of peanut vine,corn,and urea compound extruded feed on the growth performance,rumen fermentation parameters and microbial composition of fattening Hu sheep,and provide a reference for the application of peanut straw compound extruded feed in fattening Hu sheep. 【Method】 A total of 90 Hu sheep with similar weight and good body condition during the fattening period were randomly divided into 3 groups,with 6 replicates in each group and 5 sheep in each replicate.In the diets of the three groups of Hu sheep,the compound expanded feed was used to replace the concentrate in equal amounts,with replacement levels of 0 (control group),10% (group Ⅰ),and 20% (group Ⅱ),respectively.The adaptation period was 15 days,and the main test period was 60 days.At the beginning and end of this experiment,sheep were weighed,feed intake and residual material samples were recorded every day,and blood and rumen juice were collected at the end of this experiment for the determination of growth performance,serum biochemistry,rumen fermentation parameters and microflora. 【Result】 Compared with control group,①The average daily feed intake,average daily weight gain,and final body weight of Hu sheep in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were extremely significantly or significantly increased (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05),and the feed-to-gain ratio was significantly decreased (P＜0.05).②The serum urea nitrogen level of Hu sheep in group Ⅱ was significantly increased (P＜0.05).③The concentrations of acetic acid,propionic acid,total volatile fatty acids,and ammonia nitrogen in rumen fluid of Hu sheep in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were extremely significantly increased (P＜0.01),and pH was extremely significantly decreased (P＜0.01).The acetic to propionic acid ratio in rumen fluid of Hu sheep in group Ⅱ was significantly decreased (P＜0.05).④The Ace index of rumen microbiota of Hu sheep in group Ⅱ was significantly increased (P＜0.05).Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) results indicated there was a clear separation of the rumen microbiota among the different groups.⑤At the phylum level,the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in rumen fluid of Hu sheep in group Ⅱ was significantly increased (P＜0.05),while the relative abundance of Firmicutes was significantly decreased (P＜0.05).⑥At the genus level,the relative abundance of Ruminococcus in rumen fluid of Hu sheep in group Ⅰ was significantly increased (P＜0.05)，and the relative abundance of Prevotella in group Ⅱ was significantly increased (P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】 The composite extruded feed produced by mixing peanut vine,corn and urea as ingredients to replace concentrates could improve the growth performance,promotes rumen fermentation and increases rumen microbial diversity in fattening Hu sheep.

Key words: extruded feed; peanut vine; Hu sheep; growth performance; rumen fermentation; rumen microorganisms

中图分类号:

S816.5

党丹岐, 孔晓慧, 田浩亮, 廉红霞, 高腾云, 张良玉, 张立阳, 付彤. 花生秧复合膨化饲料对育肥湖羊生长性能、瘤胃发酵及微生物组成的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(9): 4082-4093.

DANG Danqi, KONG Xiaohui, TIAN Haoliang, LIAN Hongxia, GAO Tengyun, ZHANG Liangyu, ZHANG Liyang, FU Tong. Effects of Peanut Vine Compound Extruded Feed on Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation and Microbial Composition of Fattening Hu Sheep[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(9): 4082-4093.

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