发酵床垫料组成对青脚麻鸡生长性能、消化酶活性、血清生化及免疫指标的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.07.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探讨发酵床垫料组成对青脚麻鸡生长性能、消化酶活性、血清生化指标和免疫指标的影响。【方法】选择400羽健康、体重接近的1日龄青脚麻鸡(公母各半)，随机分为4组，分别为对照组(水泥地面饲养，不额外添加垫料，仅有饲养过程产生的鸡粪)、A组(垫料为小麦秸秆)、B组(垫料为河沙)和C组(垫料为小麦秸秆、河沙体积比1∶1混合)，各组均不清粪，每7 d喷洒一次活化稀释后的菌液(菌液∶水=1∶20)并翻堆。预饲期7 d，正试期21 d。试验期间，定期观测垫料温度和pH。试验结束时，采用四分法收集各组垫料测定发酵床垫料的有机质、总氮含量和碳氮比(C/N)；从每个重复中随机选取2只鸡采血、屠宰，采集血清、胰腺和十二指肠测定青脚麻鸡的血清生化指标和消化酶活性。【结果】各组垫料pH随着肉仔鸡饲养时间的延长，总体呈上升趋势，最终均稳定在7.88～8.03之间，各试验组pH全期相对高于对照组；各试验组垫料温度高于对照组，A组垫料温度最高，升温更快；与对照组相比，A组垫料的含水量显著提高(P＜0.05)，B和C组垫料含水量和有机质含量显著降低(P＜0.05)，各试验组垫料总氮含量显著降低(P＜0.05)，C/N显著提高(P＜0.05)。与对照组相比，A、B和C组鸡终末体重和平均日增重显著提高(P＜0.05)，平均日采食量和料重比差异不显著(P＞0.05)。与对照组相比，各试验组鸡胰腺胰蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性显著升高(P＜0.05)，B组鸡胰腺α-淀粉酶和十二指肠脂肪酶活性显著升高(P＜0.05)，C组鸡十二指肠脂肪酶活性和α-淀粉酶活性显著升高(P＜0.05)。与对照组相比，B组鸡血清中总蛋白(TP)含量显著增加(P＜0.05)，C组TP、白蛋白(ALB)和葡萄糖(GLU)含量显著升高(P＜0.05)，各试验组尿素氮(BUN)含量显著降低(P＜0.05)；C组鸡血清中TP含量显著高于B组(P＜0.05)，ALB含量显著高于A和B组(P＜0.05)；与对照组相比，C组鸡血清中IgA、IgM 和IgG含量显著升高(P＜0.05)。【结论】以河沙和秸秆制作发酵床垫料可以在一定程度上提高青脚麻鸡的生长性能和肠道消化酶活性，促进机体代谢，增强其免疫功能，其中小麦秸秆与河沙按体积比1∶1混合制作垫料饲养效果更佳。

关键词: 发酵床垫料; 青脚麻鸡; 生长性能; 消化酶活性; 血清生化指标; 免疫指标

Abstract: 【Objective】 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different fermentation bedding materials on the growth performance,digestive enzyme activities,serum biochemical indexes and immune indexes of Patridge Shank chickens. 【Method】 Four hundred healthy 1-day-old Patridge Shank chickens (equal sex ratio) with similar body weights were randomly allocated to four groups:Control group (concrete floor feeding with pure chicken manure generated during the feeding process as bedding materials,without additional bedding litter),group A (wheat straw bedding litter),group B (sand bedding litter),and group C (wheat straw and sand with a volume ratio of 1∶1). No feces was removed in any group,each group was sprayed with activated and diluted bacterial solution (bacterial solution∶water=1∶20) and turned over every 7 days.The pre-feeding period was 7 days,the experimental period was 21 days.The temperature and pH of bedding were observed regularly during the experiment period and at the end,organic matter,total nitrogen content and carbon-nitrogen (C/N) ratio of the fermentation bedding materials were determined by four division method for each group,and two chickens were randomly selected from each replicate for blood sampling,slaughtering,and collecting pancreas and duodenum to determine serum biochemical indices and intestinal digestive enzyme activities. 【Result】 The pH of the bedding in each group showed an overall increasing trend with the prolongation of the rearing time of broilers, and eventually stabilized between 7.88 and 8.03, and the pH of bedding litter in experimental groups were relatively higher than that of control group throughout the whole period.The litter temperature of all experimental groups was higher than that of control group,with group A having the highest temperature and fastest warming up.Compared with control group,the moisture content of bedding litter was significantly higher in group A (P＜0.05),while the moisture and organic matter contents were significantly lower in groups B and C (P＜0.05),and the total nitrogen content of each experimental group was lower (P＜0.05),and C/N of each experimental group was higher (P＜0.05).Compared with control group,the final weight and average daily weight gain of chickens in groups A,B and C were significantly higher (P＜0.05),and there were no significant differences in average daily feed intake and feed to gain ratio (P＞0.05).Compared with control group,the activity of pancreatic trypin and lipase in pancreas of chickens were significantly increased in experimental groups (P＜0.05),the activity of α-amylase in pancreas and the activity of lipase in duodenum were enhanced in group B (P＜0.05),and the activities of lipase and α-amylase in duodenum were significantly enhanced in group C (P＜0.05).Compared with control group,the serum total protein content (TP) of chickens in group B was significantly higher (P＜0.05),the serum TP， albumin (ALB) and glucose (GLU) contents of chickens in group C were significantly higher (P＜0.05),while blood urea nitrogen (BUN) content of chickens in experimental groups were significantly lower (P＜0.05).The TP content in the serum of chickens in group C was significantly higher than that of group B (P＜0.05),and the ALB content was significantly higher than that of groups A and B (P＜0.05).Compared with control group,IgA,IgM and IgG concentration in the serum of chickens were significantly higher in group C (P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】 The bio-bed system with sand and straw litters could improve the growth performance of Patridge Shank chickens to a certain extent,enhance the activity of intestinal digestive enzymes,promote body metabolism，and improve its immune function,especially the bio-bed of mixture litters with 50% sand and 50% wheat straw was more effective.

Key words: fermentation bedding materials; Patridge Shank chickens; growth performance; digestive enzyme activities; serum biochemical indices; immune indices

中图分类号:

S831.5

李军, 尹磊, 杨莹, 胡建新, 汤莉, 秦清明, 梁成成, 吴海港, 赵梦婷, 段文淼. 发酵床垫料组成对青脚麻鸡生长性能、消化酶活性、血清生化及免疫指标的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(7): 3047-3058.

LI Jun, YIN Lei, YANG Ying, HU Jianxin, TANG Li, QIN Qingming, LIANG Chengcheng, WU Haigang, ZHAO Mengting, DUAN Wenmiao. Effects of Different Fermentation Bedding Materials on Growth Performance, Digestive Enzyme Activities, Serum Biochemical and Immune Indices in Patridge Shank Chickens[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(7): 3047-3058.

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