复合酶制剂对围产期奶牛养分消化率、乳成分、瘤胃发酵参数及菌群的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.08.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究复合酶制剂对围产期奶牛营养物质表观消化率、乳成分、血清生化指标、瘤胃发酵参数及瘤胃微生物菌群的影响。【方法】选取18头第1胎次、体况良好的围产期荷斯坦奶牛，随机分为2组，每组9头。对照组奶牛饲喂基础饲粮，试验组在基础饲粮中添加0.2%复合酶制剂(淀粉酶、纤维素酶、果胶酶和蛋白酶)，预饲期10 d，试验期42 d。试验期间，采集围产期奶牛粪便进行营养物质表观消化率检测，收集牛乳样本进行乳成分检测，采集血液进行血清生化指标测定，并采集瘤胃液进行瘤胃发酵参数及微生物菌群检测。【结果】与对照组相比，①试验组奶牛粪便中干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的表观消化率均显著升高(P＜0.05)。②试验组奶牛牛乳中乳蛋白率和乳糖率分别提高了14.69%和13.09%(P＜0.05)，乳脂率和非脂固形物含量升高，产奶量降低(P＞0.05)。③产前10 d，试验组奶牛血清中白蛋白(ALB)、甘油三酯(TG)含量均显著增加(P＜0.05)。④试验组奶牛瘤胃液中乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和总短链脂肪酸含量均显著升高(P＜0.05)，pH显著降低(P＜0.05)，同时氨态氮(NH₃-N)表现出降低趋势(P＞0.05)。⑤门水平上，试验组奶牛瘤胃中厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)相对丰度均显著升高(P＜0.05)，拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)相对丰度显著降低(P＜0.05)。属水平上，假丁酸弧菌属(Pseudobutyrivibrio)、norank_f_Ruminococcaceae、Olsenella、毛螺菌属(Lachnospira)、Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group、布劳特氏菌属(Blautia)、阿托波氏菌属(Atopobium)相对丰度均显著增加(P＜0.05)，而密螺旋体属(Treponema)相对丰度显著降低(P＜0.05)。【结论】围产期奶牛饲粮中添加0.2%复合酶制剂(淀粉酶、纤维素酶、果胶酶和蛋白酶)具有提高饲粮消化利用率、改善乳品质，显著增加瘤胃液中总短链脂肪酸含量并调控有益微生物菌群结构的作用。

关键词: 复合酶制剂; 围产期奶牛; 瘤胃发酵参数; 瘤胃微生物

Abstract: 【Objective】 This experiment was conducted to explore the effects of compound enzyme preparation on nutrient apparent digestibility,milk composition,serum biochemical indicators,rumen fermentation parameters and rumen microbial flora in periparturient dairy cows. 【Method】 A total of 18 periparturient Holstein dairy cows of the first-lactation and in good healthy were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups,with 9 cows in each group.The cows in control group were fed the basal diet.The test group added 0.2% compound enzyme preparations (amylase,cellulase,pectinase and protease) to the basal diet according to the feed intake.The adaptation period was 10 days and the experimental period was 42 days.During the experiment,feces of periparturient dairy cows were collected for the detection of nutrient apparent digestibility,milk samples were collected for the detection of milk composition,and blood was collected for the determination of serum biochemical indicators.In addition,rumen fluid was collected for the detection of rumen fermentation parameters and microbial flora. 【Result】 Compared with control group:①The apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM),crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in the feces of dairy cows in test group were significantly increased (P＜0.05).② The milk protein rate and lactose rate of dairy cows in test group increased by 14.69% and 13.09% respectively (P＜0.05),the milk fat rate and the content of non-fat solids increased,and the milk yield decreased (P＞0.05).③ Ten days before prenatal,the contents of albumin (ALB) and triglyceride (TG) in serum of dairy cows in test group increased significantly (P＜0.05).④ The contents of acetate,propionate,butyrate and total short-chain fatty acids in rumen fluid of dairy cows in test group were significantly increased (P＜0.05), pH was significantly decreased (P＜0.05),and the ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) content showed a decreasing trend (P＞0.05).⑤ At the phylum level,the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Actinobacteriota in rumen of dairy cows in test group were significantly increased (P＜0.05),while the relative abundance of Bacteroidota was significantly decreased (P＜0.05).At the genus level,the relative abundance of Pseudobutyrivibrio,norank_f_Ruminococcaceae,Olsenella,Lachnospira,Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group,Blautia and Atopobium were significantly increased (P＜0.05),while the relative abundances of Treponema was significantly decreased (P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】 The addition of 0.2% compound enzyme preparation (amylase,cellulase,pectinase and protease) to periparturient dairy cow rations could significantly increase the dietary digestion and utilization rate,significantly improve the dairy quality,and at the same time significantly increase the content of short-chain fatty acids and regulate the structure of beneficial microbial flora in rumen.

Key words: compound enzyme preparation; periparturient dairy cows; rumen fermentation parameters; rumen microorganisms

中图分类号:

S823.9^＋1

庞小童, 匡宇, 耿明阳, 南珊珊, 马小雪, 魏欣, 谢松, 聂存喜. 复合酶制剂对围产期奶牛养分消化率、乳成分、瘤胃发酵参数及菌群的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(8): 3607-3619.

PANG Xiaotong, KUANG Yu, GENG Mingyang, NAN Shanshan, MA Xiaoxue, WEI Xin, XIE Song, NIE Cunxi. Effect of Compound Enzyme Preparation on Nutrient Digestibility, Milk Composition, Rumen Fermentation Parameters and Bacterial Flora of Periparturient Dairy Cows[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(8): 3607-3619.

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