运动对汗血马血浆和粪便代谢组的影响及关联分析

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.01.025

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的本研究旨在揭示汗血马运动前后血浆与粪便代谢组的动态变化及其之间的关联性，挖掘潜在代谢标志物及关键代谢通路，为马匹运动适应性评估提供科学依据。方法选取10匹健康汗血马进行1 h运动训练，采集运动前及运动后（30 min内）血浆与粪便样本，采用非靶向液相色谱-质谱（liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry，LC-MS）代谢组学技术对样本进行检测，建立偏最小二乘判别分析（partial least squares discriminant analysis， PLS-DA）模型筛选差异代谢物，对其进行KEGG通路富集分析，并通过Spearman分析血浆-粪便代谢关联性。结果运动后血浆中106种代谢物显著变化（上调47种，下调59种），脂质代谢物占比最高，上调代谢物包括脂肪酸羟基脂肪酸酯（fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids，FAHFAs）（如FAHFA（18∶1/18∶2））、棕榈酸和癸酰肉碱，下调代谢物以12-氧代植物二烯酸为代表。KEGG通路富集分析显示，差异代谢物显著富集于脂肪酸生物合成、精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢通路。运动后粪便中鉴定出52种差异代谢物（上调8种，下调44种），其中肾上腺酸、FAHFA（17∶0/18∶0）及犬尿喹啉酸显著上调，而糖类、短链脂肪酸前体及氨基酸代谢物减少，反式岩芹酸及2-酮己酸也显著下调。差异代谢物主要富集于缬氨酸/亮氨酸/异亮氨酸生物合成通路。跨组织关联分析发现血浆与粪便中肾上腺酸显著正相关（r＝0.92，P<0.05），此外，6种FAHFAs，如FAHFA（18∶1/18∶2）在血浆显著积累，粪便FAHFA（17∶0/18∶0）水平同步升高。血浆中氧化脂质与黄素单核苷酸（riboflavin-5-phosphate，FMN）水平同步增加，粪便抗炎代谢物犬尿喹啉酸水平上调。结论运动后汗血马能量代谢以脂肪酸主导、氨基酸补充为特征。血浆中氧化脂质积累引发氧化应激，同时肾上腺酸在血浆与粪便中同步升高，FAHFAs及犬尿喹啉酸等抗炎代谢物呈现跨组织调节，提示机体可能通过多组织协同防御机制应对应激。粪便中反式岩芹酸、2-酮己酸等能量代谢物降低，说明肠道吸收功能增强协同供能。本研究首次发现FAHFAs类代谢物的跨组织响应特征，可为代谢标志物开发及抗疲劳策略提供新靶点。

关键词: 汗血马; 代谢组; 肠-血液轴; 能量代谢; 炎症反应

Abstract:

Objective The aim of this study was to elucidate the dynamic changes and correlations between the plasma and fecal metabolomes before and after exercise in Turkmen horses， identify potential metabolic biomarkers and key pathways， and provide a scientific basis for evaluating exercise adaptation in Turkmen horses. Method Ten healthy Turkmen horses were selected for 1 h standardized exercise training， plasma and fecal samples were collected pre-exercise and post-exercise within 30 min. Untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry （LC-MS） metabolomics was employed for sample analysis. A partial least squares discriminant analysis （PLS-DA） model was established to screen differential metabolites. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was performed， and Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess plasma-fecal metabolite associations. Result After exercise， plasma exhibited significant alterations in 106 metabolites （47 upregulated，59 downregulated），with lipid metabolites predominating. Upregulated plasma metabolites included fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids （FAHFAs）（e.g.， FAHFA （18∶1/18∶2））， palmitic acid， and decanoylcarnitine. Downregulated metabolites were represented by 12-oxophytodienoic acid. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the differential metabolites were significantly enriched in the fatty acid biosynthesis， arginine and proline metabolic pathways. 52 differential metabolites were identified in fecal analysis （8 upregulated， 44 downregulated）. Adrenic acid FAHFA （17∶0/18∶0） and kynurenic acid were significantly upregulated in feces， while carbohydrates， short-chain fatty acid precursors， and amino acid metabolites were decreased. Trans-petroselinic acid and 2-ketohexanoic acid were also significantly downregulated. Fecal differential metabolites were primarily enriched in the valine/leucine/isoleucine biosynthesis pathway. A significant positive correlation between plasma and fecal adrenic acid levels was identified by cross-tissue correlation analysis（r=0.92， P<0.05）. Furthermore， six FAHFAs， such as FAHFA （18∶1/18∶2）， accumulated significantly in plasma， while fecal FAHFA （17∶0/18∶0） level concurrently increased. Plasma oxidized lipids and flavin mononucleotide （FMN） increased synchronously， and the anti-inflammatory metabolite kynurenic acid was upregulated in feces. Conclusion Energy metabolism in Turkmen horses after exercise was characterized by fatty acid dominance and amino acid supplementation. Accumulation of oxidized lipids in plasma could induce oxidative stress. Concurrent elevation of adrenic acid in both plasma and feces， along with cross-tissue regulation of anti-inflammatory metabolites like FAHFAs and kynurenic acid， suggested a coordinated multi-tissue defense mechanism against exercise stress. Decreased fecal levels of energy metabolites such as trans-petroselinic acid and 2-ketohexanoic acid imply enhanced intestinal absorption supporting energy demands. This study had for the first time discovered the cross-tissue response characteristics of FAHFA metabolites， providing novel targets for the development of metabolic markers and anti-fatigue strategies.

Key words: Turkmen horse; metabolome; gut-blood axis; energy metabolism; inflammatory response

中图分类号:

S821.9⁺1

刘莎莎, 李文芳, 张昭昕, 向双云, 付静涛. 运动对汗血马血浆和粪便代谢组的影响及关联分析[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2026, 53(1): 276-286.

LIU Shasha, LI Wenfang, ZHANG Zhaoxin, XIANG Shuangyun, FU Jingtao. Effects of Exercise on Plasma and Fecal Metabolomes in Turkmen Horses and Their Correlation Analysis[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2026, 53(1): 276-286.

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代谢物名称 Metabolite names	相关系数Correlation coefficient （r）	P值 P-value
反式岩芹酸 Trans-petroselinic acid	0.85	>0.05
2-苯基甘氨酸 2-phenylglycine	0.78	>0.05
肾上腺酸 Adrenic acid	0.92	<0.05
2-酮己酸 2-ketohexanoic acid	0.89	>0.05