白藜芦醇在霉菌毒素致家畜肝损伤中的保护作用研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.09.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 霉菌毒素(mycotoxins，MCTs)是由曲霉、镰刀菌等真菌在霉变谷物或饲料中产生的有毒次级代谢物。集约化养殖体系中，超过50%的谷物饲料原料受到MCTs污染。MCTs可经食物链进入家畜体内，引发肝脏、肾脏及免疫系统等多器官损伤，其中，肝脏作为重要的代谢和解毒器官，受到的影响最显著。典型MCTs，如黄曲霉毒素B₁(AFB₁)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)和呕吐毒素(DON)，可引发肝细胞坏死、脂肪变性、炎症浸润等病理改变，严重影响家畜健康，降低养殖经济效益。白藜芦醇(resveratrol，Res)是一种源自花生、葡萄等植物的天然多酚类化合物，因其显著的抗氧化、抗炎及抗凋亡特性，近年来在缓解MCTs毒性方面显示出巨大潜力。这些功能主要是通过多条通路协同作用实现的，如在抗氧化方面，Res可通过激活Nrf2/Keap1信号通路，上调抗氧化酶(SOD、CAT等)活性，中和毒素诱发的自由基，减轻氧化应激；在抗炎方面，Res通过抑制NF-κB信号通路，上调SIRT1表达，减少促炎因子(TNF-α、IL-6)释放，缓解肝脏炎症损伤；在抗凋亡方面，Res通过调节Bcl-2/Bax值、抑制Caspase级联反应及促进线粒体自噬，抑制肝细胞凋亡，从而保护肝脏。作者系统综述了Res对MCTs致家畜肝损伤的保护作用及分子机制，旨在为Res在缓解MCTs致家畜肝损伤中的应用提供理论依据，并为其成为一种新型饲料添加剂提供科学支持。

关键词: 白藜芦醇; 霉菌毒素; 肝损伤; 氧化应激; 炎症反应; 细胞凋亡

Abstract: Mycotoxins (MCTs) are the toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi such as Aspergillus and Fusarium in moldy grains and feeds,contaminate over 50% of cereal feeds in the intensive farming.The toxins can enter the bodies of livestock through the food chain,causing damage to multiple organs including the liver,kidney,and immune system.Notably,as a key metabolic and detoxifying organ,the liver is the most significantly affected.Representative MCTs such as aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁),zearalenone (ZEA),and deoxynivalenol (DON) can induce hepatocyte necrosis,steatosis,inflammatory infiltration and other pathological changes,seriously endangering livestock health and reducing farming profitability.Resveratrol (Res),a natural polyphenolic compound derived from peanuts,grapes and other plants,has great potential in mitigating MCTs toxicity due to its remarkable antioxidant,anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties in recent years.The protective effects are achieved through multi-pathway synergistic mechanisms.For instance,in terms of antioxidant activity,Res activates antioxidant enzymes (SOD,CAT,etc.),and neutralize toxin-induced free radicals to alleviate oxidative stress mainly through the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway.In terms of anti-inflammatory effects,Res suppresses the NF-κB pathway and upregulates SIRT1 expression,thereby reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) and mitigating hepatic inflammation.Additionally,Res exerts anti-apoptotic effect by regulating the Bcl-2/Bax value,inhibiting the Caspase cascades,and promoting mitochondrial autophagy to prevent hepatocyte apoptosis and protect the liver.The author systematically summarizes the protective effects and the molecular mechanisms of Res against MCTs-induced liver damage in livestock,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for its application in alleviating MCTs-induced liver damage in livestock,and offer scientific support for it potential as a novel feed additive.

Key words: resveratrol; mycotoxins; liver injury; oxidative stress; inflammation; cell apoptosis

中图分类号:

S859.8

李浩男, 李家慧, 杨凡, 魏文娟, 吕琼霞, 张自强, 刘玉梅, 陈晓光. 白藜芦醇在霉菌毒素致家畜肝损伤中的保护作用研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(9): 4114-4122.

LI Haonan, LI Jiahui, YANG Fan, WEI Wenjuan, LYU Qiongxia, ZHANG Ziqiang, LIU Yumei, CHEN Xiaoguang. Research Progress on the Protective Effect of Resveratrol in Mycotoxin-induced Liver Injury in Livestock[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(9): 4114-4122.

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