抗氧化剂对反刍动物精液冷冻效果的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.07.025

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 人工授精技术对于家畜遗传改良和繁殖期调控具有重要意义，而精液冷冻保存有利于充分发挥优秀种公畜的繁殖力，降低养殖产业的生产成本。随着人工授精技术的普及，对反刍动物精液冷冻保存质量和时间的要求也不断提高。然而，精液在冷冻-解冻过程中精子易受冰晶损害和氧化应激损伤，影响精子活力和受精能力。外源性抗氧化剂作为减少氧化损伤、提高精液品质的重要物质，在家畜精液冷冻保存中的应用受到广泛关注。目前，已有大量研究证实外源性抗氧化剂在反刍动物精液冷冻过程中具有积极作用，在提高精液冷冻质量方面具有巨大潜力。为此，作者系统综述了超低温对精子氧化损伤的影响，以及抗氧化剂如何通过清除活性氧(ROS)来保护精子免受氧化应激损伤，阐述了酶类和非酶类抗氧化剂在反刍动物精液冷冻中的应用，包括具体的抗氧化剂种类、最适浓度以及对精子活力的具体影响。此外，还探讨了新型抗氧化剂(如山奈酚、芦丁、虾青素)在反刍动物精液冷冻中的潜在应用价值。尽管如此，关于抗氧化剂的最佳添加浓度、应用方式及作用机制仍需进一步研究和优化。通过对不同类型和浓度的抗氧化剂在反刍动物精液冷冻中的效果进行系统梳理，旨在为进一步改进和优化反刍动物冷冻精液技术提供理论依据和参考。

关键词: 抗氧化剂; 氧化应激; 精子; 精液冷冻; 反刍动物

Abstract: Artificial insemination technology plays a significant role in livestock genetic improvement and reproductive management,while semen cryopreservation facilitates the full utilization of superior sires’ reproductive potential and reduces production costs in the breeding industry.With the popularization of artificial insemination technology,the requirements for the quality and time of cryopreservation of ruminant semen have been also increasing.However,sperms in semen are susceptible to ice crystal damage and oxidative stress damage during the freezing-thawing process,which affects sperm motility and fertilization ability.As an important substance to reduce oxidative damage and improve semen quality,exogenous antioxidants have attracted extensive attention in the cryopreservation of animal semen.At present,numerous studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of exogenous antioxidants in ruminant semen cryopreservation,highlighting their substantial potential for improving frozen semen quality.To this end,this article systematically reviews the effects of ultra-low temperature on oxidative damage in sperm and how antioxidants protect sperm from oxidative stress by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS).It comprehensively discusses the application of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in ruminant semen cryopreservation,including specific antioxidant types,optimal concentrations,and their precise effects on sperm motility parameters.In addition,the potential application value of novel antioxidants (e.g.,kaempferol,rutin,astaxanthin) in the freezing of semen from ruminants are also explored.However,the optimal concentration,application mode and mechanism of action of antioxidants still require further investigation and refinement.By systematically analyzing the efficacy of various antioxidant types and concentrations in ruminant semen cryopreservation,this review aims to provide theoretical foundations and practical references for advancing and optimizing ruminant frozen semen technologies.

Key words: antioxidant; oxidative stress; sperm; semen freezing; ruminant

中图分类号:

S826

王茹, 王家豪, 欧靖渝, 汤文慧, 程箫, 王强军, 陈家宏, 张子军, 任春环. 抗氧化剂对反刍动物精液冷冻效果的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(7): 3242-3255.

WANG Ru, WANG Jiahao, OU Jingyu, TANG Wenhui, CHENG Xiao, WANG Qiangjun, CHEN Jiahong, ZHANG Zijun, REN Chunhuan. Effect of Antioxidants on Freezing Effect of Semen in Ruminants[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(7): 3242-3255.

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