胆汁酸和复合精油对延养期蛋鸡产蛋性能和脂质代谢的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.09.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加胆汁酸和复合精油对延养期(81～89周龄)产蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、脂质代谢的影响,以期通过营养调控改善延养期蛋鸡脂质代谢。【方法】选取180只80周龄、健康的京红产蛋鸡，随机分为3组，每组5个重复，每个重复12只鸡。对照组提供基础饲粮，胆汁酸组在基础饲粮中添加250 mg/kg胆汁酸，复合精油组在基础饲粮中添加90 mg/kg复合精油。预饲期1周(饲喂基础饲粮)，试验期8周。每天记录产蛋情况，每周结料。在试验第0、4、8周末测定鸡蛋品质；试验第8周末，每重复采集2只蛋鸡血样，测定血清脂质代谢相关指标，然后屠宰测定肝脏脂质代谢相关指标、回肠脂质代谢相关酶活性和基因表达。【结果】与对照组相比，①添加胆汁酸和复合精油对延养期蛋鸡生产性能均无显著影响(P＞0.05)；添加胆汁酸提高了第8周鸡蛋蛋黄颜色评分(P＜0.05)。②添加胆汁酸和复合精油均显著降低了蛋鸡血清甘油三酯、胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的含量(P＜0.05)，降低了肝脏甘油三酯含量(P＜0.05)，并提高了肝脏高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的含量(P＜0.05)；添加胆汁酸还降低了蛋鸡肝脏低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的含量(P＜0.05)；添加胆汁酸和复合精油均显著提高了蛋鸡回肠脂肪酶活性(P＜0.05)；添加胆汁酸和复合精油均上调了蛋鸡回肠小肽转运蛋白1(PepT-1)基因的表达量(P＜0.05),添加胆汁酸上调了回肠脂肪酸结合蛋白1(FABP-1)基因的表达量(P＜0.05)。【结论】在延养期蛋鸡饲粮中添加胆汁酸或复合精油均可调节肠道脂质吸收，改善脂质代谢。

关键词: 延养期蛋鸡; 胆汁酸; 复合精油; 脂质代谢

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study was conducted to explore the effects of dietary bile acids or compound essential oils supplementation in the diets on the performance,egg quality and lipid metabolism of hens during the extended laying period,specifically from 81 to 89 weeks of age,in order to improve lipid metabolism of hens during the extended laying period through nutritional regulation. 【Method】 A total of 180 healthy 80-week-old Jinghong laying hens were randomly divided into 3 groups with 5 replicates of 12 chickens each.Hens in control group were provided basal diets,in the bile acids group were supplemented with 250 mg/kg bile acids in the basal diet,and in the compound essential oils group were supplemented with 90 mg/kg compound essential oils in the basal diet.All hens were fed basal diets for a 1-week adaptation followed by an 8-week experimental period.The egg production was recorded every day,and the feed accounts were settled weekly.At the end of weeks 0,4 and 8,egg quality was determined.At the end of week 8,blood samples were collected from 2 laying hens in each replicate to determine the serum lipid metabolism related indexes.Then,the laying hens were slaughtered to measure the liver lipid metabolism related index,the activity of enzymes related to lipid metabolism in the ileum and the gene expression. 【Result】 Compared with the control group,①Neither supplementation of bile acids or compound essential oils had effect on the laying performance (P>0.05),at the end of week 8,egg yolk color score in the bile acids group were higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05).② Both supplementation of bile acids and compound essential oils decreased the contents of serum triglycerides,cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,and the triglyceride content in the liver (P＜0.05),and increased the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol content in the liver of laying hens (P＜0.05).Adding bile acids also reduced the content of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the liver of laying hens (P＜0.05).Both supplementation of bile acids and compound essential oils increased the ileal lipase activity and expression levels of small peptide transfer carrier (PepT-1) (P＜0.05). Expression of atty acid binding protein (FABP-1) was also increased by bile acids supplementation (P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】 Dietary supplementation of bile acids and compound essential oils could regulate intestinal lipid absorption and improve lipid metabolism of hens during the extended laying period.

Key words: hens in extended period; bile acids; compound essential oils; lipid metabolism

中图分类号:

S816.7

刘慧莹, 高丽冰, 李晓敏, 李伟, 王秋菊, 王晶. 胆汁酸和复合精油对延养期蛋鸡产蛋性能和脂质代谢的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(9): 4105-4113.

LIU Huiying, GAO Libing, LI Xiaomin, LI Wei, WANG Qiuju, WANG Jing. Effects of Dietary Bile Acids or Compound Essential Oils on Laying Performance and Lipid Metabolism of Hens During the Extended Laying Period[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(9): 4105-4113.

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