中国畜牧兽医 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (1): 165-178.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.01.015

• 营养与饲料 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同蛋白质水平饲粮对牦牛瘤胃代谢的影响

陈平(), 谢建鹏, 何振富, 王斐()   

  1. 甘肃省农业科学院畜草与绿色农业研究所,兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-28 出版日期:2026-01-05 发布日期:2025-12-26
  • 通讯作者: 王斐 E-mail:gaaschenping@163.com;wangfei@gsagr.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:陈平,E-mail:gaaschenping@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省农业科学院农业科技自主创新专项博士基金项目(2021GAAS51)

Effects of Diets with Different Protein Levels on Rumen Metabolism in Yaks

CHEN Ping(), XIE Jianpeng, HE Zhenfu, WANG Fei()   

  1. Animal Husbandry,Pasture and Green Agricultural Institute,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China
  • Received:2025-03-28 Online:2026-01-05 Published:2025-12-26
  • Contact: WANG Fei E-mail:gaaschenping@163.com;wangfei@gsagr.ac.cn

摘要:

目的 探究不同蛋白质水平饲粮对牦牛生长性能及瘤胃代谢调控的影响,以期为不同蛋白质饲粮水平饲喂牦牛提供理论依据。 方法 选择20头健康状况良好、平均体重(210.60±11.75)kg的牦牛,配方时保持综合净能水平相当(7.73、7.65 MJ/kg),按照不同蛋白质水平(18.88%、12.77%)饲喂分为2组:低蛋白质饲粮组和高蛋白质饲粮组,每组10头牛。试验预饲期20 d,正试期90 d。试验结束后测定牦牛的生长性能及营养物质消化率,并采集瘤胃液后进行非靶向代谢组分析。 结果 育肥90 d后,高蛋白质饲粮组牦牛平均日增重极显著高于低蛋白质饲粮组(P<0.01),粗蛋白质和粗灰分消化率显著或极显著高于低蛋白质饲粮组(P<0.05;P<0.01)。气相色谱-质谱联用仪平台对2组共筛选出29个上调差异代谢物和28个下调差异代谢物;液相色谱-质谱联用仪平台共筛选出287个上调差异代谢物和244个下调差异代谢物。分析差异代谢物相关性后发现21对正相关代谢物与18对负相关代谢物;通路富集分析发现苯丙氨酸代谢、酪氨酸代谢、维生素B6代谢、泛醌和其他萜类醌的生物合成、核黄素代谢富集较显著。 结论 在牦牛饲喂18.88%粗蛋白质、7.65 MJ/kg综合净能条件下,平均日增重极显著高于12.77%蛋白质饲粮组,可有效缩短育肥周期,提高牦牛瘤胃微生物代谢水平。

关键词: 牦牛; 蛋白质水平; 瘤胃代谢物; 代谢组学

Abstract:

Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of diets with different protein levels on growth performance and rumen metabolism regulation of yaks, so as to provide theoretical basis for feeding yaks with different diet protein levels. Method 20 healthy yaks with average body weight of (210.60±11.75) kg were selected for this trial. The comparable net energy level (7.73 and 7.65 MJ/kg), were divided into 2 groups according to different protein levels (18.88% and 12.77%): Low-protein diet group and high-protein diet group, each group consists of 10 heads. The trial period was 20 days and the formal period was 90 days. Then the growth performance and nutrient digestibility were measured, and the rumen fluid was collected for non-targeted metabolome analysis. Result After 90 days of fattening, the average daily gain of yaks in high protein diet group was extremely significantly higher than that in low protein diet group (P<0.01). The crude protein digestibility and crude ash digestibility of yaks in high protein diet group was significantly or extremely significantly higher than that in low protein diet group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). A total of 29 up-regulated and 28 down-regulated differential metabolites were screened by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, and 287 up-regulated and 244 down-regulated differential metabolites were screened by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, respectively. Analysis of the correlation of differential metabolites showed that 21 pairs of positively correlated and 18 pairs of negatively correlated metabolites. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that phenylalanine metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, vitamin B6 metabolism, biosynthesis of ubiquinone and other terpenoid quinones, and riboflavin metabolism were more significant. Conclusion The average daily gain of yaks fed 18.88% crude protein and 7.65 MJ/kg net energy was significantly higher than that of 12.77% crude protein diet group, which could effectively shorten the fattening cycle and improve the level of rumen microbial metabolism of yaks.

Key words: yaks; protein levels; rumen metabolites; metabolomics

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