胍基乙酸调控动物能量代谢及改善生产性能的研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.10.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 胍基乙酸(guanidinoacetic acid,GAA)是内源性肌酸合成的关键前体，近年来因其在调控动物能量代谢中的独特作用而备受关注。随着畜牧业对高效、安全营养调控剂需求的增加，GAA的应用潜力逐渐凸显，但其规模化应用仍面临剂量效应关系不明确、代谢分子机制待解析及长期安全性评估不足等科学问题。GAA可通过调控磷酸肌酸/肌酸激酶系统，显著提高骨骼肌三磷酸腺苷(adenosine triphosphate，ATP)再生效率，改善动物生长性能及肉品质；可增强机体抗氧化能力与胰岛素分泌功能，优化瘤胃发酵效率；相较于外源肌酸，GAA具有更高的生物利用度(小肠吸收率≥90%)、瘤胃稳定性(降解率≤10%，若包被可进一步降低至≤5%)及成本效益。作者从代谢调控、产业应用及作用机制3个方面进行综述，以期为GAA在畜禽生产中的科学应用提供理论依据，并为新型营养调控剂的开发提出创新路径，对推动畜牧业有重要实践价值。

关键词: 胍基乙酸; 肌酸; 能量代谢; 生产性能; 抗氧化能力; 饲料添加剂

Abstract: Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) is a key precursor for endogenous creatine synthesis and has attracted much attention in recent years due to its unique role in regulating animal energy metabolism.With the increasing demand for efficient and safe nutritional regulators in animal husbandry,the potential application of GAA is gradually becoming prominent.However,its large-scale application still faces scientific problems such as unclear dose-response relationships,unresolved metabolic molecular mechanisms,and insufficient long-term safety assessments.By regulating the phosphocreatine/creatine kinase system,GAA significantly improves the efficiency of skeletal muscle adenosine triphosphate (ATP) regeneration,enhances animal growth performance,and improves meat quality.GAA can enhance the body’s antioxidant capacity and insulin secretion function,optimize rumen fermentation efficiency.Compared with exogenous creatine,GAA has higher bioavailability (small intestine absorption rate ≥90%),rumen stability (degradation rate ≤ 10%,which can be further reduced to ≤5% if coated),and cost-effectiveness.The author provides theoretical basis for the scientific application of GAA in animal husbandry production from three dimensions:Metabolic regulation,industrial application,and mechanism of action,it also proposes innovative paths for the development of new nutritional regulators,which has important practical value in promoting the improvement and efficiency of animal husbandry.

Key words: guanidinoacetic acid; creatine; energy metabolism; growth performance; antioxidant capacity; feed additives

中图分类号:

S816.71

朱文舒, 陈勇, 刘孟健. 胍基乙酸调控动物能量代谢及改善生产性能的研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(10): 4688-4696.

ZHU Wenshu, CHEN Yong, LIU Mengjian. Guanidinoacetic Acid Regulation of Animal Energy Metabolism and Improvement of Production Performance:A Review[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(10): 4688-4696.

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