中国畜牧兽医 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (1): 39-48.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.01.004
张少帅1,2(
), 柴浩靓1,3, 武洪志1, 侯冠彧1, 张敏红2(
)
收稿日期:2025-05-14
出版日期:2026-01-05
发布日期:2025-12-26
通讯作者:
张敏红
E-mail:zss9587@126.com;zmh66@126.com
作者简介:张少帅,E-mail:zss9587@126.com
基金资助:
ZHANG Shaoshuai1,2(
), CHAI Haoliang1,3, WU Hongzhi1, HOU Guanyu1, ZHANG Minhong2(
)
Received:2025-05-14
Online:2026-01-05
Published:2025-12-26
Contact:
ZHANG Minhong
E-mail:zss9587@126.com;zmh66@126.com
摘要:
在鸡的生产过程中,热应激是一个常见的环境问题。鸡的皮肤缺乏汗腺,在高温情况下其体热调节能力有限,严重时会对其生产性能产生负面影响。笔者阐述了高温胁迫下鸡的关键生理与行为响应,包括呼吸频率剧增、体温升高、采食量锐减、饮水量激增;剖析了其深层作用机制,如神经内分泌系统(下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴、下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴、下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴)的激活与紊乱。由于热应激会对鸡造成一系列的负面影响,损害机体肠道健康、抗氧化能力和免疫性能,并最终影响生产性能、繁殖性能和产品品质。因此,深入了解热应激对鸡体热调节和生产性能的影响,在鸡生产中至关重要。笔者通过综述热应激对鸡体热调节和生产性能的影响机制,以期为鸡健康管理和生产效益提升提供理论依据和实践指导。
中图分类号:
张少帅, 柴浩靓, 武洪志, 侯冠彧, 张敏红. 热应激对鸡体热调节、生产性能和机体健康影响的研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2026, 53(1): 39-48.
ZHANG Shaoshuai, CHAI Haoliang, WU Hongzhi, HOU Guanyu, ZHANG Minhong. Heat Stress Impacts on Thermoregulation, Production Performance, and Organismal Health in Chickens: Research Advance[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2026, 53(1): 39-48.
表1
高温处理对鸡的影响"
品种 Breeds | 日龄 Days | 温度 Temperature/℃ | 影响 Influence | 参考文献 References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照组 Control group | 高温组 High temperature group | ||||
罗斯308肉鸡 Ross-308 broilers | 17~31 | 24±1 | 33 | 体增重下降50% | Kim等[ |
科宝肉鸡 Cobb broilers | 56 | — | 35 | 体增重降低20% | Sutton等[ |
爱拔益加肉鸡 Arbor Acres broilers | 21 | 22±2 | 28~35 | 改变肠道菌群结构,损伤肠道黏膜 | 李秋粉[ |
爱拔益加肉种母鸡 Arbor Acres broiler breeder hens | 133 | 21±0.5 | 32 | 产蛋率和蛋壳质量下降 | 唐丽[ |
岭南黄羽肉鸡 Lingnan Yellow-feathered broilers | 21 | 26 | 30~38 | 采食量和生长速度显著下降 | 刘文佐[ |
中速型黄羽肉鸡 Medium-speed Yellow- feathered broilers | 32 | 26 | 35 | 胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊指数显著降低 | 钟光等[ |
雄性快速型黄羽肉鸡 Male fast-growing Yellow-feathered broilers | 35 | 26±1 | 30~34 | 十二指肠、空肠、回肠的绒毛高度、隐窝深度均显著降低 | 陈静龙等[ |
济宁百日鸡 Jining 100-day chickens | 112 | 25±0.26 | 38±0.26 | 卵泡发育受阻 | 李永洙等[ |
北京油鸡 Beijing-You chickens | 49 | 25±0.38 | 35±0.37 | 影响脂肪沉积部位和速率 | 郝婧宇等[ |
| 儋州鸡Danzhou chickens | 21 | 25±2 | 36±2 | 肝脏水泡变性,肝细胞索排列紊乱 | 吴怡佳等[ |
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