中国畜牧兽医 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (1): 39-48.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.01.004

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

热应激对鸡体热调节、生产性能和机体健康影响的研究进展

张少帅1,2(), 柴浩靓1,3, 武洪志1, 侯冠彧1, 张敏红2()   

  1. 1.中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海口 571101
    2.中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,畜禽营养与饲养全国重点实验室,北京 100193
    3.东北农业大学动物科学技术学院,哈尔滨 150030
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-14 出版日期:2026-01-05 发布日期:2025-12-26
  • 通讯作者: 张敏红 E-mail:zss9587@126.com;zmh66@126.com
  • 作者简介:张少帅,E-mail:zss9587@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    海南省自然科学基金项目(325QN452)

Heat Stress Impacts on Thermoregulation, Production Performance, and Organismal Health in Chickens: Research Advance

ZHANG Shaoshuai1,2(), CHAI Haoliang1,3, WU Hongzhi1, HOU Guanyu1, ZHANG Minhong2()   

  1. 1.Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou 571101,China
    2.State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding,Institute of Animal Science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China
    3.College of Animal Science and Technology,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China
  • Received:2025-05-14 Online:2026-01-05 Published:2025-12-26
  • Contact: ZHANG Minhong E-mail:zss9587@126.com;zmh66@126.com

摘要:

在鸡的生产过程中,热应激是一个常见的环境问题。鸡的皮肤缺乏汗腺,在高温情况下其体热调节能力有限,严重时会对其生产性能产生负面影响。笔者阐述了高温胁迫下鸡的关键生理与行为响应,包括呼吸频率剧增、体温升高、采食量锐减、饮水量激增;剖析了其深层作用机制,如神经内分泌系统(下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴、下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴、下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴)的激活与紊乱。由于热应激会对鸡造成一系列的负面影响,损害机体肠道健康、抗氧化能力和免疫性能,并最终影响生产性能、繁殖性能和产品品质。因此,深入了解热应激对鸡体热调节和生产性能的影响,在鸡生产中至关重要。笔者通过综述热应激对鸡体热调节和生产性能的影响机制,以期为鸡健康管理和生产效益提升提供理论依据和实践指导。

关键词: 热应激; 鸡; 体热调节; 生产性能

Abstract:

Heat stress is a common environmental issue in poultry production. Chickens’ skin lacks sweat glands, and their body heat regulation ability is limited under high-temperature conditions. In severe cases, this can have a negative impact on their production performance. This article expounds the key physiological and behavioral responses of chickens under high-temperature stress, including a sharp increase in respiratory rate, elevated body temperature, a significant reduction in feed intake, and a sharp increase in water intake. The underlying mechanism was analyzed, covering the activation and disorder of the neuroendocrine system (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis). Since heat stress induces a series of negative effects in chickens,impairing intestinal health, antioxidant capacity and immune function, it ultimately compromises production performance, reproductive performance and product quality. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the impact of heat stress on the body heat regulation and production performance of chickens is of vital importance in chicken production. The author reviewed the mechanism by which heat stress affects the body heat regulation and production performance of chickens, with the aim of providing theoretical basis and practical guidance for the health management and production efficiency improvement of chickens.

Key words: heat stress; chickens; body heat regulation; production performance

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