中国畜牧兽医 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (2): 703-710.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.02.018

• 营养与饲料 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同来源油脂对蛋鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质及蛋黄脂肪酸组成的影响

郝志磊(), 张红瑞, 马云()   

  1. 宁夏大学动物科技学院,银川 750021
  • 修回日期:2025-09-17 出版日期:2026-02-20 发布日期:2026-01-27
  • 通讯作者: 马云 E-mail:hzl0728@126.com;mayun@nxu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:郝志磊,E-mail:hzl0728@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    高层次人才聚培计划(030700002415)

Effects of Different Oil Sources on Laying Performance, Egg Quality, and Fatty Acid Composition of Egg Yolk

HAO Zhilei(), ZHANG Hongrui, MA Yun()   

  1. College of Animal Science and Technology,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China
  • Revised:2025-09-17 Online:2026-02-20 Published:2026-01-27
  • Contact: MA Yun E-mail:hzl0728@126.com;mayun@nxu.edu.cn

摘要:

目的 探究蛋鸡饲料中添加1%不同来源油脂(豆油、椰子油、棕榈油、亚麻油)对蛋鸡产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响,为蛋鸡饲粮中合理选用油脂提供科学依据。 方法 选取700只产蛋率和体重相近的32周龄海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分为5组,每组5个重复,每个重复28只蛋鸡。对照组提供基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加1%豆油、椰子油、棕榈油和亚麻油,试验期为28 d。试验期间统计产蛋性能,并在第28天从每个重复中随机挑取5个鸡蛋进行蛋品质分析,利用气相色谱仪分析蛋黄脂肪酸组成。 结果 与对照组相比,饲粮中添加1%豆油、棕榈油、亚麻油和椰子油显著降低了蛋鸡的平均日采食量、破蛋率和料蛋比(P<0.05);椰子油组蛋鸡产蛋率、平均蛋重和蛋壳强度显著提高(P<0.05)。鸡蛋脂肪酸分析结果显示,添加1%豆油显著提高了鸡蛋中亚油酸含量(P<0.05),ω-6多不饱和脂肪酸(ω-6PUFA)含量分别比对照组、棕榈油组、亚麻油组、椰子油组提高了37.41%、36.42%、30.00%和37.98%(P<0.05);添加1%亚麻油显著提高了鸡蛋中亚麻酸、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)含量(P<0.05),ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸(ω-3PUFA)含量分别比对照组、豆油组、棕榈油组、椰子油组提高了77.82%、63.53%、73.31%和73.68%;此外,饲粮中添加1%豆油和亚麻油显著提高了鸡蛋中不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)的含量(P<0.05)。 结论 添加1%不同种类植物油可有效改善蛋鸡生产性能:椰子油是提升产蛋性能的最佳选择,豆油和亚麻油分别是鸡蛋ω-6和ω-3 PUFA强化的理想来源,棕榈油则是安全的经济型选择。

关键词: 海兰褐蛋鸡; 油脂来源; 产蛋性能; 蛋品质; 脂肪酸组成

Abstract:

Objective This study aimed to explore the effects of adding 1% oils from different sources (soybean oil, coconut oil, palm oil, and linseed oil) to diets on the laying performance and egg quality of laying hens, thereby providing a scientific basis for the rational selection of oils in laying hen diets. Method A total of 700 32-week-old Hy-line Brown laying hens with similar egg production rates and body weights were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups, with 5 replicates per group and 28 hens per replicate. The hens in control group were fed the basal diet, while in experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 1% soybean oil, coconut oil, palm oil, and linseed oil, respectively. The experimental period lasted for 28 days. During the experiment, the laying performance of each replicate was evaluated based on statistical data. On the 28th day, 5 eggs were randomly selected from each replicate for egg quality analysis, and the fatty acid composition of egg yolk was determined using a gas chromatograph. Result Compared with control group, dietary supplementation with 1% soybean oil, palm oil, linseed oil, or coconut oil significantly reduced the average daily feed intake, broken egg rate, and feed-to-egg ratio of laying hens (P<0.05). The addition of coconut oil significantly increased the egg production rate, average egg weight, and eggshell strength compared with control group (P<0.05). The results of egg fatty acid analysis indicated that supplementation with 1% soybean oil significantly increased the linoleic acid content in eggs (P<0.05), the content of ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-6 PUFA) in soybean oil group was 37.41%, 36.42%, 30.00%, and 37.98% higher than that in control, palm oil, linseed oil, and coconut oil groups, respectively (P<0.05). Supplementation with 1% linseed oil significantly increased the contents of linolenic acid (C18∶3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20∶5), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22∶6) in eggs (P<0.05), and the content of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) in linseed oil group was 77.82%, 63.53%, 73.31%, and 73.68% higher than that in control, soybean oil, palm oil, and coconut oil groups, respectively (P<0.05). In addition, dietary supplementation with 1% soybean oil or linseed oil significantly increased the content of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) in eggs (P<0.05). Conclusion The addition of 1% vegetable oils of different types could effectively optimize the production performance of laying hens: Coconut oil was the best choice for improving laying performance, soybean oil and linseed oil were ideal sources for enhancing ω-6 PUFA and ω-3 PUFA, respectively, and palm oil was a safe and cost-effective option.

Key words: Hy-line Brown laying hens; oil sources; laying performance; egg quality; fatty acid composition

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