中国畜牧兽医 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (1): 390-401.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.01.035

• 预防兽医 • 上一篇    下一篇

1株导致种鸭产蛋下降的新型鸭环状病毒分离与鉴定

李冰1,2(), 许明清3(), 郝东敏2,4(), 王友5(), 李慧慧1, 毛明田1,6, 吴冕1,6, 鹿程光1,6, 唐静1, 梁素芸1, 郭占宝1,6, 周正奎1, 侯水生1(), 唐熠1,6()   

  1. 1.中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,北京 100193
    2.河南农业大学,郑州 450046
    3.山东和康源生物育种股份有限公司,济南 250001
    4.安徽强英食品集团有限公司,宿州 235323
    5.瑞普生物股份有限公司,天津 300308
    6.山东农业大学,泰安 271018
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-13 出版日期:2026-01-05 发布日期:2025-12-26
  • 通讯作者: 侯水生,唐熠 E-mail:libing_2025@163.com;237756683@qq.com;674913654@qq.com;wangyou@ringpu.com;houss@263.net;tangyi@caas.cn
  • 作者简介:李冰,E-mail:libing_2025@163.com
    许明清,E-mail:237756683@qq.com
    郝东敏,E-mail:674913654@qq.com
    王友,E-mail:wangyou@ringpu.com
    第一联系人:共同第一作者
  • 基金资助:
    山东省科技型中小企业创新能力提升工程(2022TSGC1290);山东省科技型中小企业创新能力提升工程(2022TSGC2400);国家水禽产业技术体系(CARS-42-19)

Isolation and Identification of a Novel Duck Orbivirus Causing Decreased Egg Production in Breeding Ducks

LI Bing1,2(), XU Mingqing3(), HAO Dongmin2,4(), WANG You5(), LI Huihui1, MAO Mingtian1,6, WU Mian1,6, LU Chengguang1,6, TANG Jing1, LIANG Suyun1, GUO Zhanbao1,6, ZHOU Zhengkui1, HOU Shuisheng1(), TANG Yi1,6()   

  1. 1.Institute of Animal Science of CAAS,Beijing 100193,China
    2.Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China
    3.Shandong Hekangyuan Biological Breeding Co. ,Ltd. ,Jinan 250001,China
    4.Anhui Qiangying Food Group Co. ,Ltd. ,Suzhou 235323,China
    5.Ringpu Bio-technology Co. ,Ltd. ,Tianjin 300308,China
    6.Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an 271018,China
  • Received:2025-07-13 Online:2026-01-05 Published:2025-12-26
  • Contact: HOU Shuisheng, TANG Yi E-mail:libing_2025@163.com;237756683@qq.com;674913654@qq.com;wangyou@ringpu.com;houss@263.net;tangyi@caas.cn

摘要:

目的 2021年8月以来,安徽、山东等地种鸭群出现不明原因产蛋下降,伴随精神沉郁、卵巢出血等症状。本研究旨在明确病原特征,为种鸭产蛋下降的防控提供依据。 方法 对2022年9月山东沂水采集的病鸭卵巢组织样品,使用鸭胚成纤维细胞(duck embryo fibroblast,DEF)进行病毒分离获得毒株后,利用第二代测序技术对病毒基因组测序,将所得序列与参考病毒基因库进行比对,以确定病原种类,并进一步分析病毒基因组结构,明确编码蛋白情况。依据测序得到的病毒序列设计特异性引物进行病原鉴定。将病毒基因与参考序列进行相似性比对和遗传进化分析,探究病毒遗传特征与进化关系。使用产蛋高峰种鸭开展回归试验,验证病毒致病性。 结果 病料样品接种鸭胚成纤维细胞后,细胞出现病变特征。全病毒基因库对比分析结果显示,样本中存在与环状病毒科密切相关的病毒序列,经序列拼接后命名其为鸭环状病毒(Duck orbivirus, DORV),其基因组由10个双链RNA片段构成,编码12种蛋白。PCR结果显示可特异性扩增出鸭环状病毒片段,并将分离毒株命名为DORV-SDYS。DORV-SDYS与帕里泻湖病毒(PLV)、科里帕塔病毒(CORV)和阿卡多病毒(ACAV)亲缘关系较近,它们之间VP5片段核苷酸序列相似性为80.1%~82.4%,氨基酸序列相似性为88.1%~91.1%。遗传特征分析显示,DORV-SDYS株在进化上具有独特性。动物回归试验表明,DORV-SDYS感染可导致种鸭产蛋率下降,并引起卵泡病理损伤。 结论 本研究从山东沂水地区产蛋下降病鸭卵巢组织中成功分离得到1株病毒,并将其命名为鸭环状病毒,明确了其全基因组编码区特征,证实鸭环状病毒感染是导致种鸭产蛋下降的病因,填补了环状病毒在水禽宿主致病性研究的空白,对水禽产业健康发展具有重要意义。

关键词: 鸭环状病毒; 种鸭; 蚊媒病毒; 产蛋性能

Abstract:

Objective Since August 2021, breeding duck flocks in Anhui, Shandong and other regions had experienced unexplained decreases in egg production, accompanied by symptoms such as depression and ovarian hemorrhage. This study aimed to clarify the pathogenic characteristics of the causative agent and provide a basis for the prevention and control of decreased egg production in breeding ducks. Method Virus isolation was performed using duck embryo fibroblasts (DEF) on ovarian tissue samples from diseased ducks collected in Yishui, Shandong, in September 2022. Next-generation sequencing technology was used to sequence the viral genome, which was compared with the reference virus genome database to determine the pathogen species. The viral genome structure was analyzed, and the encoded proteins were clarified. Specific primers were designed based on the sequenced viral sequences for pathogen identification. The viral genes were compared with reference sequences for similarity and phylogenetic analysis to explore the genetic characteristics and evolutionary relationships of the virus. Regression experiments were carried out using breeding ducks at the peak of egg production to verify the pathogenicity of the virus. Result After inoculating the diseased tissue samples into DEF cell, the cells showed typical cytopathic effects. Whole-virome comparison showed that there were virus sequences closely related to Orbiviridae, and after sequence assembly, it was designated as Duck orbivirus (DORV). The genome consisted of 10 double-stranded RNA segments, encoding 12 proteins. PCR results confirmed that the pathogen in this study was DORV, and the isolate strain was named DORV-SDYS. The DORV-SDYS strain was closely related to Parry Lagoon virus (PLV), Corriparta virus (CORV) and Acado virus (ACAV). The nucleotide sequence similarity of the VP5 fragment was 80.1%-82.4%, and the amino acid sequence similarity was 88.1%-91.1%. Phylogenetic analysis showed that DORV-SDYS had distinct evolutionary characteristics. Animal regression experiments confirmed that DORV-SDYS could lead to a decrease in the egg production rate of breeding ducks, and caused pathological damage to ovarian follicles. Conclusion In this study, a virus was successfully isolated from the ovarian tissue of laying ducks with decreased egg production in Yishui, Shandong province, and it was designated as DORV. The characteristics of the full coding region of its genome were clarified. It was confirmed that DORV infection was the etiological factor causing decreased egg production in breeding ducks, filled the gap in the research on the pathogenicity of Orbivirus in waterfowl hosts, and was of great significance to the healthy development of the waterfowl industry.

Key words: Duck orbivirus; breeding duck; mosquito-borne virus; laying performance

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