发酵茶叶对强制换羽后蛋鸡产蛋性能的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.08.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究补饲不同水平发酵茶叶对强制换羽后蛋鸡产蛋性能的影响。【方法】选取480羽695日龄(于581日龄开始换羽)的海兰灰蛋鸡，随机分为4组，每组8个重复，每个重复15羽蛋鸡。对照组蛋鸡饲喂基础饲粮，试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组蛋鸡分别饲喂基础饲粮＋2%、4%、6%发酵茶叶。试验期42 d。试验期间每天记录产蛋率、蛋重、统计料蛋比。在试验第21和42天，以重复为单位采集鸡蛋、血液和卵巢组织样品，检测蛋品质、血清生殖激素水平和卵巢抗氧化能力相关指标。【结果】与对照组相比，①在试验第0～21天，试验Ⅱ组蛋鸡的产蛋率显著升高(P＜0.05)；在试验第22～42天，试验Ⅰ组蛋鸡的产蛋率显著升高(P＜0.05)，试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组蛋鸡的料蛋比显著降低(P＜0.05)。②在试验第21天，试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组鸡蛋的蛋黄比例显著降低(P＜0.05)，试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组鸡蛋的蛋壳厚度显著降低(P＜0.05)；在试验第42天，试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组鸡蛋的哈氏单位显著升高(P＜0.05)，试验Ⅱ组鸡蛋的蛋黄比例显著升高(P＜0.05)，试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组鸡蛋的蛋壳厚度显著降低(P＜0.05)。③在试验第21天，试验Ⅲ组蛋鸡卵巢组织中过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著降低(P＜0.05)，试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组蛋鸡卵巢组织总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著升高(P＜0.05)；在试验第42天，试验Ⅱ组蛋鸡卵巢组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著升高(P＜0.05)，试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组卵巢组织中CAT活性和T-AOC显著升高(P＜0.05)。④在试验第21天，试验Ⅱ组蛋鸡血清中孕激素(PROG)含量显著升高(P＜0.05)；在试验第42天，试验Ⅱ组蛋鸡血清中促卵泡激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)和PROG含量显著升高(P＜0.05)，试验Ⅲ组血清中催乳素(PRL)含量显著升高(P＜0.05)。【结论】补饲发酵茶叶有利于提高强制换羽后蛋鸡产蛋性能，改善蛋品质，提高卵巢抗氧化能力和血清生殖激素水平，综合试验结果，以补饲4%发酵茶叶的效果最佳。

关键词: 茶叶; 微生物固态发酵; 强制换羽; 蛋鸡; 产蛋性能

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study was conducted to explore the effects of different levels of fermented tea on laying performance of laying hens after forced moulting. 【Method】 480 Hy-Line Grey molted hens aged 695 days(moulting was initiated at 581 days) were randomly assigned to four groups,each with 8 replicates and 15 hens per replicate.The hens in control group were fed a basal diet,while in experimental groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ were fed the basal diet supplemented with 2%,4%,and 6% fermented tea,respectively.The testing phase was 42 d.During the trial,daily records were kept of egg rate,egg weight,and feed-egg ratio was calculated.On days 21 and 42 of the trial,egg,blood,and ovarian tissue samples were collected by replicate group to assess indicators related to egg quality,serum reproductive hormone levels,and ovarian antioxidant capacity. 【Result】 Compared with control group,①During days 0-21 of the trial, the laying rate of laying hens in experimental groups Ⅱ was significantly increased (P＜0.05). During days 22-42 of the trial, the laying rate of laying hens in experimental group Ⅰ was significantly increased (P＜0.05),and the feed-egg ratio of experimental groupⅠand groupⅡ was significantly decreased (P＜0.05). ②On day 21 of the trial,the yolk ratio of eggs in experimental groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was significantly decreased (P＜0.05),and the eggshell thickness of eggs in experimental groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ were significantly decreased (P＜0.05).On day 42 of the trial,the Haugh units of eggs in experimental groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ were significantly increased (P＜0.05),the yolk ratio of eggs in group Ⅱ was significantly increased (P＜0.05),and the eggshell thickness of eggs in experimental groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ were significantly decreased (P＜0.05).③On day 21 of the trial,in the ovarian tissue,the activity of catalase (CAT) in experimental group Ⅲ was significantly decreased (P＜0.05),and the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in experimental groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly increased (P＜0.05).On day 42 of the trial,in the ovarian tissue,the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in experimental group Ⅱ was significantly increased (P＜0.05).Meanwhile,the activity of CAT and T-AOC in experimental groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ were significantly increased (P＜0.05).④On day 21 of the trial,serum progesterone (PROG) concentration in experimental group Ⅱ significantly was increased (P＜0.05).On day 42 of the trial,serum concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH),luteinizing hormone (LH),and PROG in group Ⅱ,and prolactin (PRL) in group Ⅲ were significantly increased (P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】 Fermented tea supplements might improve laying performance,egg quality,ovarian antioxidant capacity,and serum reproductive hormone levels in laying hens after forced molting.The most effective results were observed at 4% fermented tea leaves supplementation.

Key words: tea; microbial solid-state fermentation; forced moulting; laying hens; laying performance

中图分类号:

S816.6

王宇艳, 李梦琳, 曹庆云, 周巧仪, 张兴月, 肖娅琪, 黄诗蕊, 张之盈, 胡铁生, 石达友. 发酵茶叶对强制换羽后蛋鸡产蛋性能的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(8): 3574-3583.

WANG Yuyan, LI Menglin, CAO Qingyun, ZHOU Qiaoyi, ZHANG Xingyue, XIAO Yaqi, HUANG Shirui, ZHANG Zhiying, HU Tiesheng, SHI Dayou. Effect of Femented Tea on Laying Performance of Laying Hens After Forced Moulting[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(8): 3574-3583.

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