中国畜牧兽医 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (1): 201-211.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.01.018

• 营养与饲料 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同地方鸡种产蛋高峰期的蛋品质比较分析

范海璐1(), 黄思雨1, 何欣1, 张红亮2, 张博1, 商鹏2, 张浩1()   

  1. 1.中国农业大学动物科学技术学院,北京 100193
    2.西藏农牧学院动物科学学院,林芝 860000
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-04 出版日期:2026-01-05 发布日期:2025-12-26
  • 通讯作者: 张浩 E-mail:fanhailu@cau.edu.cn;hzhang@cau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:范海璐,E-mail:fanhailu@cau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    山东省重点研发计划(2022LZGC013);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-40)

Comparative Analysis of Egg Quality During Peak Laying Period in Different Local Chicken Breeds

FAN Hailu1(), HUANG Siyu1, HE Xin1, ZHANG Hongliang2, ZHANG Bo1, SHANG Peng2, ZHANG Hao1()   

  1. 1.College of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China
    2.College of Animal Science,Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University,Nyingchi 860000,China
  • Received:2025-06-04 Online:2026-01-05 Published:2025-12-26
  • Contact: ZHANG Hao E-mail:fanhailu@cau.edu.cn;hzhang@cau.edu.cn

摘要:

目的 探讨茶花鸡、藏鸡、丝羽乌骨鸡、济宁百日鸡、汶上芦花鸡和如皋黄鸡6个地方鸡种的蛋品质差异,挖掘其产蛋高峰期的蛋用性能,以期为地方鸡种的品种选育与开发利用提供参考。 方法 选取6个25周龄的地方鸡种各60只,每个品种6个重复,每个重复10只母鸡。在30周龄时采集鲜鸡蛋各45枚,其中30枚用于蛋重、蛋壳强度和哈氏单位等常规指标测定,15枚用于蛋清含水量、蛋黄含水量和蛋黄粗脂肪含量的测定,并进行差异比较、相关性分析及主成分分析(PCA)。 结果 茶花鸡的蛋重和蛋黄重显著低于其他5个品种(P<0.05);各品种的哈氏单位均为优级,且藏鸡的蛋白高度和哈氏单位最优;丝羽乌骨鸡的蛋壳强度最高为41.90 N;相较于其他5个品种,汶上芦花鸡的蛋壳最厚而蛋清含水量最低(P<0.05);如皋黄鸡的蛋黄比率最高达29.96%,但其蛋黄的颜色、含水量和粗脂肪均最低。各品种鸡的蛋品质指标的平均变异系数范围为6.40%~7.81%,性状较为稳定。相关性分析显示,蛋白高度与哈氏单位、蛋重与蛋黄重、蛋壳强度与蛋壳厚度等11对指标间存在显著或极显著关联(P<0.05;P<0.01),且蛋白高度与哈氏单位的相关系数最高达0.974。PCA结果显示,藏鸡以蛋白因子(得分1.333)的显著优势成为最优选择;如皋黄鸡虽蛋形因子得分最高为0.626,但蛋白、蛋壳及蛋黄品质较差,综合评分最低。 结论 6个地方鸡种的遗传潜能各异,在蛋重、蛋壳强度、蛋白高度、蛋黄粗脂肪等性状上差异显著,且各指标间存在动态关联,其中藏鸡蛋品质的综合评分最优。

关键词: 地方鸡种; 产蛋高峰期; 蛋品质

Abstract:

Objective This study aimed to investigate the differences in egg quality among six local chicken breeds (Chahua chickens, Tibetan chickens, Silkies chickens, Jining Bairi chickens, Wenshang Barred chickens, and Rugao Yellow chickens), and evaluate their egg production performance during the peak laying period, so as to provide references for breeding and utilization of local chicken breeds. Method A total of 60 hens per breed at 25 weeks of age were selected, with 6 replicates per breed and 10 hens per replicate. At 30 weeks of age, 45 fresh eggs from each breed were collected. Among these, 30 eggs were used to determine conventional indices such as egg weight (EW), eggshell strength (ESS), and Haugh unit (HU), while the remaining 15 eggs were used to measure albumen water content (AWC), yolk water content (YWC), and yolk crude fat content (YCF). Comparative analysis, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed. Result Chahua chickens exhibited significantly lower EW and yolk weight (YW) compared with the other five breeds (P<0.05). All breeds showed excellent HU, with Tibetan chickens having the highest albumen height (AH) and HU. Silkies chickens had the highest ESS at 41.90 N. Compared with the other five breeds, Wenshang Barred chickens had the thickest eggshell thickness (EST) and the lowest AWC (P<0.05). Rugao Yellow chickens had the highest yolk ratio (YR, 29.96%), but the lowest yolk color (YC), YWC, and YCF. The average coefficients of variation for egg quality traits across breeds ranged from 6.40% to 7.81%, indicating relatively stable characteristics. Correlation analysis revealed significant or extremely significant correlations among 11 pairs of indicators (P<0.05 or P<0.01), including AH and HU, EW and YW, and ESS and EST. The strongest correlation was observed between AH and HU (r=0.974). PCA results indicated that Tibetan chickens was the optimal choice due to its significant advantage in the albumen factor (score: 1.333). Although Rugao Yellow chickens had the highest shape index (SI) score (0.626), it performed poorly in terms of albumen, eggshell, and yolk quality, resulting in the lowest comprehensive score. Conclusion Six local chicken breeds exhibited distinct genetic potential, with significant differences in traits such as EW, ESS, AH, and YCF. Dynamic correlations were observed among various egg quality indicators. Among all breeds, Tibetan chickens demonstrated the best comprehensive egg quality.

Key words: local chicken breeds; peak laying period; egg quality

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