中国畜牧兽医 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (2): 692-702.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.02.017

• 营养与饲料 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同饲料效率肉鸭生长性能、屠宰性能和血浆生化指标差异分析

李玉萌1,2(), 吴永保2, 吴森1(), 徐彤2, 王宁2, 鹿震涛2, 任雯雯1,2, 王岐蒙2, 曹俊婷2, 杨亦文2, 邢光楠3, 唐静3, 侯水生3, 闻治国2()   

  1. 1.青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,西宁 810007
    2.中国农业科学院饲料研究所,农业农村部饲料生物技术重点实验室,北京 100081
    3.中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,北京 100193
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-05 出版日期:2026-02-20 发布日期:2026-01-27
  • 通讯作者: 吴森,闻治国 E-mail:liyum0520@163.com;wusenkgdsss@hotmail.com;wenzhiguo@caas.cn
  • 作者简介:李玉萌,E-mail:liyum0520@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1301800);国家水禽产业技术体系专项基金(CARS-42-10);中国农业科学院饲料研究所创新工程任务(CAAS-ASTIP-2023-IFR-13);中国农业科学院饲料研究所创新工程任务(CAAS-IFR-ZDRW202301);中国农业科学院饲料研究所创新工程任务(CAAS-IFR-JCCX-2025-06)

Difference Analysis of Growth Performance, Carcass Performance and Plasma Biochemical Indicators of Meat Ducks with Different Feed Efficiency

LI Yumeng1,2(), WU Yongbao2, WU Sen1(), XU Tong2, WANG Ning2, LU Zhentao2, REN Wenwen1,2, WANG Qimeng2, CAO Junting2, YANG Yiwen2, XING Guangnan3, TANG Jing3, HOU Shuisheng3, WEN Zhiguo2()   

  1. 1.Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary,Qinghai University,Xining 810007,China
    2.Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Institute of Feed Research,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China
    3.Institute of Animal Science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China
  • Received:2025-08-05 Online:2026-02-20 Published:2026-01-27
  • Contact: WU Sen, WEN Zhiguo E-mail:liyum0520@163.com;wusenkgdsss@hotmail.com;wenzhiguo@caas.cn

摘要:

目的 比较不同饲料效率肉鸭生长性能、屠宰性能和血浆生化指标差异,并分析各指标之间的相关性。 方法 选用体重相近、健康的1日龄高、低饲料效率的雄性北京鸭各75只,分别为高饲料效率组(HFE)和低饲料效率组(LFE),每组5个重复,每个重复15只鸭。试验鸭饲喂相同商品饲粮,试验周期为35 d。于试验鸭14、35日龄,对每笼鸭体重和剩余饲粮称重,计算各阶段平均体重、平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)和料重比(F/G),统计剩余采食量(RFI);于35日龄颈静脉采血后屠宰,统计胸肌率、腿肌率、肝脏指数、腹脂率、皮脂率和全净膛率,并测定血浆生化指标,进一步分析各指标间的相关性。 结果 ①HFE组肉鸭14、35日龄体重和1~14、15~35和1~35日龄ADG均显著高于LFE组(P<0.05),1~14、15~35和1~35日龄F/G和RFI均显著低于LFE组(P<0.05)。②HFE组肉鸭胸肌率和腿肌率显著高于LFE组(P<0.05),腹脂率、皮脂率显著低于LFE组(P<0.05)。③与LFE组相比,HFE组肉鸭血浆中甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、尿酸(UA)、直接胆红素(DBIL)含量和谷草转氨酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性显著降低(P<0.05),γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)活性显著升高(P<0.05)。④肉鸭F/G与ADG、胸肌率呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与皮脂率、RFI、肝脏指数和血浆HDL、LDL含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。 结论 高饲料效率肉鸭日增重、胸肌率和腿肌率较高,具有更强的蛋白质沉积能力;低饲料效率肉鸭皮脂率和腹脂率较高,具有更强的脂肪沉积能力。

关键词: 肉鸭; 饲料效率; 生长性能; 屠宰性能; 血浆生化指标

Abstract:

Objective This study aimed to compare the differences in growth performance, slaughter performance and plasma biochemical indicators between meat ducks with high and low feed efficiency, and analyze the correlation among these indicators. Method Seventy-five 1-day-old male Pekin ducks with similar body weights and in good health, which had high and low feed efficiency respectively, were selected and divided into high feed efficiency group (HFE) and low feed efficiency group (LFE). Five repetitions in each group, with 15 ducks in each repetition. The experimental ducks were fed the same commercial feed, and the experimental period was 35 days. At 14 and 35 days of age, the weight of each cage of ducks and the weight of the remaining feed were measured. The average weight, average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed-to-gain ratio (F/G) of the experimental ducks at each stage were calculated, and the residual feed intake (RFI) was also counted. At 35 days of age, blood was collected from the jugular vein and then the ducks were slaughtered.The breast muscle rate, leg muscle rate, liver index, abdominal fat rate, skin fat rate and total eviscerated rate were statistically analyzed, and the plasma biochemical indicators were also measured. The correlations among the various indicators were further analyzed. Result ① The body weight of meat ducks at 14 and 35 days of age and ADG at 1-14, 15-35, and 1-35 days of age in HFE group were significantly higher than those in LFE group (P<0.05). The F/G and RFI of meat ducks in HFE group at 1-14, 15-35 and 1-35 days of age were significantly lower than those in LFE group (P<0.05).② The breast muscle rate and leg muscle rate of meat ducks in HFE group were significantly higher than those in LFE group (P<0.05), while the abdominal fat rate and skin fat rate were significantly lower than those in LFE group (P<0.05).③ Compared with LFE group, the contents of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), uric acid (UA), direct bilirubin (DBIL), as well as the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the plasma of meat ducks in HFE group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the activity of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) was significantly increased (P<0.05).④ The F/G of meat duck was significantly negatively correlated with ADG and breast muscle rate (P<0.05), and significantly positively correlated with skin fat rate, RFI, liver index and plasma HDL and LDL contents (P<0.05). Conclusion Meat ducks with high feed efficiency had higher daily weight gain, breast muscle rate and leg muscle rate, and possessed stronger protein deposition ability, while meat ducks with low feed efficiency had higher skin fat rate and abdominal fat rate, and had stronger fat deposition ability.

Key words: meat duck; feed efficiency; growth performance; slaughter performance; plasma biochemistry indicators

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