中国畜牧兽医 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (2): 723-734.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.02.020
易林1,2(
), 周长明2(
), 亢守亭2, 赵付伟2, 赵宪林2, 万双秀2, 姜莉莉2, 王世宇2, 樊兆斌2(
), 张建斌1(
)
收稿日期:2025-07-15
出版日期:2026-02-20
发布日期:2026-01-27
通讯作者:
樊兆斌,张建斌
E-mail:yilinhn2023@163.com;306716753@qq.com;fanzhaobin79@163.com;zjbzwz@126.com
作者简介:易林,E-mail:yilinhn2023@163.com基金资助:
YI Lin1,2(
), ZHOU Changming2(
), KANG Shouting2, ZHAO Fuwei2, ZHAO Xianlin2, WAN Shuangxiu2, JIANG Lili2, WANG Shiyu2, FAN Zhaobin2(
), ZHANG Jianbin1(
)
Received:2025-07-15
Online:2026-02-20
Published:2026-01-27
Contact:
FAN Zhaobin, ZHANG Jianbin
E-mail:yilinhn2023@163.com;306716753@qq.com;fanzhaobin79@163.com;zjbzwz@126.com
摘要:
目的 探究饲粮中添加石榴皮粉(PPP)对白羽肉鸡生长性能、肠道形态、血清生化与抗氧化指标及盲肠菌群结构的影响。 方法 选取288只1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每重复24只鸡。对照组(CON)饲喂基础饲粮,1、2和3组分别在基础饲粮中添加0.75%、1.5%和3.0%的PPP,试验期42 d。于试验开始和结束时称重,记录采食量,计算平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)和料重比(F/G)。试验结束后,每组随机选取12只鸡,采集血液并分离血清、收集空肠和回肠组织及盲肠内容物,测定血清生化、抗氧化指标,观察肠道形态结构,并利用16S rDNA测序分析盲肠微生物组成。 结果 与对照组相比,1组肉鸡生长性能有改善趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,1组肉鸡血清天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性显著降低(P<0.05),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著提高(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,1组肉鸡空肠绒毛高度(VH)及绒隐比(V/C)显著上升(P<0.05)。盲肠微生物测序结果显示,0.75% PPP可显著提升菌群丰富度与多样性,促进拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)、双歧杆菌属(Bifidobacterium)和克里斯滕森氏菌属(Christensenella)等有益菌的增殖(P<0.05),显著降低潜在致病菌另枝菌属(Alistipes)丰度(P<0.05)。相关性分析表明,拟杆菌属和双歧杆菌属与血清抗氧化指标和肠道形态参数均呈正相关。 结论 本试验条件下,饲粮中添加0.75% PPP能够显著增强肉鸡机体的抗氧化能力、改善肠道黏膜形态结构,并提高盲肠有益菌群的物种丰富度。
中图分类号:
易林, 周长明, 亢守亭, 赵付伟, 赵宪林, 万双秀, 姜莉莉, 王世宇, 樊兆斌, 张建斌. 饲粮中添加石榴皮粉对肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化能力及肠道微生物的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2026, 53(2): 723-734.
YI Lin, ZHOU Changming, KANG Shouting, ZHAO Fuwei, ZHAO Xianlin, WAN Shuangxiu, JIANG Lili, WANG Shiyu, FAN Zhaobin, ZHANG Jianbin. Effects of Pomegranate Peel Powder on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity and Intestinal Microorganisms of Broilers[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2026, 53(2): 723-734.
表2
基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础) (%)"
项目 Items | 0~21 d | 22~42 d | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照组 CON group | 1组 Group 1 | 2组 Group 2 | 3组 Group 3 | 对照组 CON group | 1组 Group 1 | 2组 Group 2 | 3组 Group 3 | |
| 原料 Ingredients | ||||||||
| 玉米 Corn | 61.00 | 61.00 | 61.00 | 61.00 | 63.00 | 63.00 | 63.00 | 63.00 |
| 次粉 Wheat middling | 4.00 | 3.50 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 5.10 | 4.60 | 4.10 | 3.60 |
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 26.00 | 26.00 | 26.00 | 26.00 | 20.00 | 20.00 | 20.00 | 20.00 |
| 酒糟蛋白饲料 DDGS | 3.00 | 2.75 | 2.50 | 2.00 | 5.00 | 4.75 | 4.50 | 3.50 |
| 石榴皮粉 PPP | 0.00 | 0.75 | 1.50 | 3.00 | 0.00 | 0.75 | 1.50 | 3.00 |
| 磷酸氢钙 Dicalcium phosphate | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.40 | 1.40 | 1.40 | 1.40 |
| 细石粉 Limestone flour | 1.40 | 1.40 | 1.40 | 1.40 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 |
| 大豆油 Soybean oil | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.85 | 2.85 | 2.85 | 2.85 |
| 食盐 Salt | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 |
| L-赖氨酸 L-lysine | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.35 |
| DL-蛋氨酸 DL-methionine | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.14 |
| L-苏氨酸 L-threonine | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
| 胆碱 Choline chloride | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 |
| 预混料Premix① | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养成分Nutrient components② | ||||||||
| 代谢能 ME/(MJ/kg) | 12.66 | 12.62 | 12.62 | 12.62 | 13.02 | 13.02 | 13.02 | 13.02 |
| 粗蛋白质 Crude protein | 19.60 | 19.50 | 19.46 | 19.45 | 19.50 | 18.50 | 18.48 | 18.45 |
| 钙 Calcium | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.95 |
| 磷 Phosphorus | 0.59 | 0.59 | 0.59 | 0.59 | 0.58 | 0.58 | 0.58 | 0.58 |
| 赖氨酸 Lysine | 1.12 | 1.12 | 1.12 | 1.12 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 蛋氨酸 Methionine | 0.53 | 0.53 | 0.53 | 0.53 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.45 |
| 苏氨酸 Threonine | 0.82 | 0.82 | 0.82 | 0.82 | 0.73 | 0.73 | 0.73 | 0.73 |
表3
饲粮中添加PPP对肉鸡生长性能的影响"
项目 Items | 组别 Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照组 CON group | 1组 Group 1 | 2组 Group 2 | 3组 Group 3 | ||
| 初始体重 IBW/g | 46.85±0.18 | 45.65±0.70 | 47.18±1.10 | 46.68±1.55 | 0.743 |
| 终末体重 FBW/g | 2 772.7±6.23ab | 2 954.89±120.70a | 2 440.11±81.72bc | 2 430.33±57.51c | 0.004 |
| 平均日采食量 ADFI/g | 105.41±0.14a | 105.63±0.55a | 99.75±0.40c | 102.91±0.30b | <0.001 |
| 平均日增重 ADG/g | 64.93±2.63ab | 69.24±2.05a | 56.97±2.01b | 56.75±0.57b | 0.005 |
| 料重比 F/G | 1.63±0.06ab | 1.52±0.04b | 1.76±0.07ab | 1.81±0.02a | 0.017 |
表4
饲粮中添加PPP对肉鸡血清生化及抗氧化指标的影响"
项目 Items | 组别 Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照组 CON group | 1组 Group 1 | 2组 Group 2 | 3组 Group 3 | ||
天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶 AST/(U/L) | 9.77±0.50a | 7.23±0.40b | 7.77±0.56ab | 8.46±0.72ab | 0.014 |
丙氨酸氨基转移酶 ALT/(U/L) | 1.70±0.05 | 1.62±0.19 | 1.63±0.07 | 1.75±0.02 | 0.814 |
| 肌酐 CRE/(μmol/L) | 11.05±0.57 | 10.70±0.80 | 10.82±0.84 | 11.09±1.07 | 0.986 |
| 总蛋白 TP/(g/L) | 19.54±0.36b | 20.34±0.57ab | 21.00±0.48ab | 21.90±0.43a | 0.006 |
| 白蛋白 ALB/(g/L) | 12.91±0.28 | 13.89±0.53 | 14.07±0.77 | 14.33±0.61 | 0.333 |
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(μmol/L) | 791.40±31.79b | 877.12±16.97ab | 826.97±21.27ab | 911.87±20.26a | 0.004 |
总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(mmol/mL) | 0.53±0.01d | 0.71±0.01a | 0.61±0.01c | 0.66±0.01b | <0.001 |
| 丙二醛 MDA/(μmol/mL) | 7.56±0.55 | 6.14±0.50 | 6.57±0.20 | 6.82±0.31 | 0.122 |
超氧化物歧化酶 SOD/(U/mL) | 104.95±1.85b | 115.11±1.48a | 109.57±1.71ab | 111.66±1.65a | 0.001 |
表5
饲粮中添加PPP对肉鸡肠道形态的影响"
项目 Items | 组别 Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照组 CON group | 1组 Group 1 | 2组 Group 2 | 3组 Group 3 | ||
| 空肠 Jejunum | |||||
| 绒毛高度 VH | 987.73±7.65c | 1 338.91±19.19a | 1 120.07±16.39b | 1 049.63±19.25c | <0.001 |
| 隐窝深度 CD | 156.07±2.01a | 92.71±2.67d | 107.57±4.75c | 123.07±4.27b | <0.001 |
| 绒隐比 V/C | 6.34±0.09d | 14.54±0.50a | 10.55±0.42b | 8.61±0.32c | <0.001 |
| 回肠 Ileum | |||||
| 绒毛高度 VH | 1 084.12±27.49c | 1 415.81±49.21a | 1 303.46±27.54ab | 1 239.41±27.54bc | <0.001 |
| 隐窝深度 CD | 94.81±2.06b | 134.21±4.05a | 141.68±5.00a | 135.63±2.62a | <0.001 |
| 绒隐比 V/C | 11.48±0.38a | 10.64±0.49ab | 9.27±0.32b | 9.20±0.53b | 0.002 |
表6
肠道微生物菌群门水平分布差异性分析"
| 项目 Items | 对照组 CON group | 1组 Group 1 | P值P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 拟杆菌门 Bacteroidota | 0.4664±0.0217b | 0.8012±0.0073a | <0.001 |
| 厚壁菌门 Firmicutes | 0.5157±0.0206a | 0.1490±0.0044b | <0.001 |
| 变形菌门 Proteobacteria | 0.0129±0.0018b | 0.0313±0.0036a | <0.001 |
| 放线菌门 Actinobacteriota | 0.0040±0.0003b | 0.0175±0.0016a | <0.001 |
| 蓝菌门 Cyanobacteria | 0.0005±0.0001b | 0.0010±0.0002a | <0.001 |
表7
肠道微生物菌群属水平分布差异性分析"
| 项目 Items | 对照组 CON group | 1组 Group 1 | P值P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 拟杆菌属 Bacteroides | 0.4226±0.0194b | 0.7544±0.0079a | <0.001 |
| 另枝菌属 Alistipes | 0.0395±0.0165a | 0.0165±0.0010b | <0.001 |
| 埃希-志贺菌属 Escherichia-Shigella | 0.0116±0.0018b | 0.0296±0.0035a | <0.001 |
| 克里斯滕森氏菌属 Christensenella | 0.0003±0.0000b | 0.0053±0.0006a | <0.001 |
| 经黏液真杆菌属 Blautia | 0.0221±0.0027a | 0.0005±0.0000b | <0.001 |
| 栖热粪杆菌属 Coprobacter | 0.0043±0.0003b | 0.0302±0.0013a | <0.001 |
| 粪杆菌属 Faecalibacterium | 0.0190±0.0018a | 0.0023±0.0003b | <0.001 |
| 考拉杆菌属 Phascolarctobacterium | 0.0223±0.0021a | 0.0010±0.0002b | <0.001 |
| 罕见小球菌属 Subdoligranulum | 0.0161±0.0022a | 0.0038±0.0004b | <0.001 |
| 双歧杆菌属 Bifidobacterium | 0.0009±0.0001b | 0.0155±0.0016a | <0.001 |
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