中国畜牧兽医 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (2): 659-670.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.02.014
张之盈1(
), 胡晓迪1, 彭苏1, 张兴月1, 佘沛宁1, 黄小洁2, 石达友1(
)
收稿日期:2025-07-15
出版日期:2026-02-05
发布日期:2026-01-27
通讯作者:
石达友
E-mail:2549215237@qq.com;shidayou@scau.edu.cn
作者简介:张之盈,E-mail: 2549215237@qq.com
基金资助:
ZHANG Zhiying1(
), HU Xiaodi1, PENG Su1, ZHANG Xingyue1, SHE Peining1, HUANG Xiaojie2, SHI Dayou1(
)
Received:2025-07-15
Online:2026-02-05
Published:2026-01-27
Contact:
SHI Dayou
E-mail:2549215237@qq.com;shidayou@scau.edu.cn
摘要:
目的 探讨腹腔注射脂多糖(LPS)诱导麻黄鸡炎症模型的最佳剂量。 方法 选取120只1日龄(39.11 g±3.13 g)雄性麻黄鸡,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复5只鸡,试验期21 d。对照组(CON)麻黄鸡在15、17、19和21日龄时腹腔注射生理盐水,试验组(LL、LM和LH)分别腹腔注射0.25、0.5和1 mg/kg LPS。于15和21 d进行采血并屠宰,计算生长性能指标和免疫器官指数,观察空肠形态,测定血清生化指标、皮质酮含量、炎症因子水平、抗氧化指标及相关基因表达量。 结果 15 d时,与CON组相比,各LPS处理组麻黄鸡终末体重和平均日增重均无显著变化(P>0.05);LH组麻黄鸡空肠绒毛高度(VH)和绒隐比(V/C)均显著下降(P<0.05);LM和LH组麻黄鸡空肠闭锁蛋白(Occludin)和核因子-κB(NF-κB)表达均显著下调(P<0.05);LH组麻黄鸡血清皮质酮含量显著升高(P<0.05);LL、LM和LH组麻黄鸡血清甘油三酯(TG)含量均显著降低(P<0.05);LH组麻黄鸡血清细胞炎症因子白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量显著升高(P<0.05);LH组麻黄鸡血清总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性显著降低(P<0.05),丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高(P<0.05)。21 d时,与CON组相比,LM和LH组麻黄鸡脾脏指数和胸腺指数均有所升高(P>0.05);LH组麻黄鸡空肠隐窝深度(CD)极显著升高(P<0.01),V/C显著降低(P<0.05);LH组麻黄鸡空肠闭合蛋白1(Claudin-1)表达极显著下调(P<0.01),IL-1β、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和NF-κB表达均极显著上调(P<0.01);各LPS组T-SOD活性均显著降低(P<0.05)。 结论 LPS注射可显著影响麻黄鸡免疫器官发育、肠道形态、炎症因子表达及抗氧化功能,成功诱导炎症应激。综合各项指标,1.0 mg/kg LPS为构建麻黄鸡炎症模型的最佳剂量。
中图分类号:
张之盈, 胡晓迪, 彭苏, 张兴月, 佘沛宁, 黄小洁, 石达友. LPS对麻黄鸡生长性能、血清生化及肠道健康的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2026, 53(2): 659-670.
ZHANG Zhiying, HU Xiaodi, PENG Su, ZHANG Xingyue, SHE Peining, HUANG Xiaojie, SHI Dayou. Effects of LPS on the Growth Performance, Serum Biochemistry and Intestinal Health of Mahuang Chickens[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2026, 53(2): 659-670.
表1
基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础) (%)"
| 原料 Ingredients | 含量 Contents | 营养成分 Nutrient components② | 含量 Contents |
|---|---|---|---|
| 玉米 Corn | 54.50 | 代谢能 ME/(MJ/kg) | 12.22 |
| 豆粕 Soybeanmeal (CP, 43%) | 33.00 | 粗蛋白质 CP | 21.00 |
| 鱼粉 Fish meal | 1.00 | 钙 Calcium | 1.05 |
| 麦麸 Wheat bran | 5.50 | 钠 Sodium | 0.16 |
| 大豆油 Soy oil | 1.50 | 氯气 Chlorine | 0.16 |
| 菜籽粕 Rapeseed meal | 0.00 | 总磷 Total phosphorus | 0.50 |
| 石灰石粉 Limestone powder | 1.40 | 赖氨酸 Lysine | 1.20 |
| 磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 | 1.10 | 甲硫氨酸 Methionine | 0.55 |
| 预混料 Premix① | 2.00 | 苏氨酸 Threonine | 0.19 |
| 总计 Total | 100.00 |
表2
实时荧光定量PCR引物序列"
基因 Genes | 引物序列 Primer sequences (5'→3') | |
|---|---|---|
| β-actin | F:GAGAAATTGTGCGTGACATCA | R:CCTGAACCTCTCATTGCCA |
| IL-1β | F:GAAGTGCTTCGTGCTGGAGT | R:ACTGGCATCTGCCCAGTTC |
| TNF-α | F:AATTTGCAGGCTGTTTCTGC | R:TATGAAGGTGGTGCAGATGG |
| Claudin-1 | F:GAGGATGACCAGGTCAAGAAG | R:TGCCCAGCCAATGAAGAG |
| ZO-1 | F:CCAAAGACAGCAGGAGGAGA | R:TGGCTAGTTTCTCTCGTGCA |
| Occludin | F:TCATCCTGCTCTGCCTCATCT | R:CATCCGCCACGTTCTTCAC |
| sIgA | F:TCCTTCCTCCCTTCTTCCATC | R:TTTGCCAATCCTCCACGG |
| NF-κB | F:CAGCCCATCTATGACAACCG | R:TCAGCCCAGAAACGAACCTC |
表3
LPS对麻黄鸡生长性能的影响 (g)"
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | LL | LM | LH | ||
| 体重 Body weight | |||||
| 0 d | 39.88±3.63 | 39.25±1.91 | 39.25±3.00 | 38.06±3.66 | 0.429 |
| 15 d | 236.00±16.63 | 222.00±14.91 | 220.00±13.99 | 230.17±18.39 | 0.309 |
| 21 d | 374.00±50.19 | 318.17±49.10 | 319.00±64.32 | 337.33±37.54 | 0.229 |
| 平均日增重 ADG | |||||
| 0~15 d | 11.61±0.94 | 12.21±0.77 | 11.65±0.31 | 12.23±0.45 | 0.523 |
| 15~21 d | 20.24±4.10 | 17.10±2.17 | 16.83±2.52 | 16.31±2.08 | 0.377 |
| 0~21 d | 15.04±0.73 | 14.43±0.53 | 13.93±0.70 | 14.17±0.68 | 0.275 |
表4
LPS对麻黄鸡免疫器官指数的影响 (%)"
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | LL | LM | LH | ||
| 15 d | |||||
| 脾脏指数 Spleen index | 1.24±0.23 | 1.64±0.45 | 1.46±0.39 | 1.37±0.39 | 0.331 |
| 胸腺指数 Thymus index | 4.10±0.23 | 4.28±0.45 | 4.04±0.46 | 4.44±0.85 | 0.576 |
| 法氏囊指数 Bursa of Fabricius index | 3.17±0.83 | 3.05±0.51 | 2.47±0.57 | 2.86±0.58 | 0.233 |
| 21 d | |||||
| 脾脏指数 Spleen index | 2.00±0.35 | 1.70±0.41 | 2.42±0.46 | 2.36±1.00 | 0.177 |
| 胸腺指数 Thymus index | 5.82±0.60a | 4.72±0.52b | 5.94±0.51a | 6.27±0.86a | 0.026 |
| 法氏囊指数 Bursa of Fabricius index | 3.94±1.63 | 4.01±1.01 | 2.92±0.77 | 3.12±0.57 | 0.215 |
表5
LPS对麻黄鸡空肠绒毛的影响"
| 项目Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | LL | LM | LH | ||
| 15 d | |||||
| 绒毛高度VH/μm | 1 052.58±34.73Aa | 978.75±24.31Aa | 1 106.33±229.61Aa | 707.25±92.13Bb | 0.003 |
| 隐窝深度CD/μm | 151.49±2.92 | 153.83±9.48 | 163.45±9.12 | 156.07±6.66 | 0.184 |
| 绒毛高度/隐窝深度V/C | 6.95±0.18a | 6.38±0.44a | 6.81±1.64a | 4.56±0.77b | 0.012 |
| 21 d | |||||
| 绒毛高度VH/μm | 985.31±42.36 | 995.17±75.18 | 1 038.94±70.63 | 935.22±28.73 | 0.142 |
| 隐窝深度CD/μm | 126.32±6.33Cc | 134.82±4.21Cc | 157.36±19.46Bb | 176.78±4.31Aa | <0.001 |
| 绒毛高度/隐窝深度V/C | 7.81±0.37Aa | 7.40±0.74Aa | 6.72±1.26Aa | 5.29±0.05Bb | 0.003 |
表6
LPS对麻黄鸡空肠免疫和屏障基因表达的影响"
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | LL | LM | LH | ||
| 15 d | |||||
| Claudin-1 | 0.97±0.50 | 0.93±0.63 | 0.48±0.47 | 0.40±0.18 | 0.106 |
| Occludin | 1.05±0.56Aa | 1.11±0.41Aa | 0.36±0.23Bb | 0.50±0.25Bb | 0.005 |
| ZO-1 | 1.00±0.32 | 0.96±0.32 | 0.63±0.51 | 0.70±0.45 | 0.310 |
| IL-1β | 1.31±0.56 | 0.65±0.16 | 1.02±0.69 | 1.03±0.28 | 0.606 |
| NF-κB | 1.14±0.4Aa | 0.76±0.24ABab | 0.48±0.4Bb | 0.42±0.24Bb | 0.005 |
| TNF-α | 0.96±0.27 | 0.65±0.35 | 0.96±0.69 | 0.68±0.40 | 0.499 |
| sIgA | 1.55±0.86 | 0.36±0.07 | 1.13±0.53 | 1.01±0.28 | 0.135 |
| 21 d | |||||
| Claudin-1 | 1.15±0.52Aa | 0.25±0.12Bb | 1.16±0.53Aa | 0.47±0.30Bb | 0.001 |
| Occludin | 1.01±0.16ab | 0.57±0.19b | 1.24±0.23a | 1.20±0.25a | 0.021 |
| ZO-1 | 1.03±0.31 | 0.72±0.31 | 0.96±0.08 | 0.78±0.20 | 0.104 |
| IL-1β | 1.31±0.58Bb | 1.55±0.47Bb | 1.47±0.66Bb | 6.81±3.48Aa | <0.001 |
| NF-κB | 1.03±0.30Bb | 0.70±0.20Bb | 0.99±0.09Bb | 1.86±0.56Aa | <0.001 |
| TNF-α | 0.93±0.40Bb | 0.68±0.18Bb | 0.56±0.06Bb | 2.15±0.99Aa | <0.001 |
| sIgA | 1.14±0.77ab | 0.39±0.18b | 1.34±0.42ab | 1.88±0.59a | 0.018 |
表7
LPS对麻黄鸡血清生化的影响"
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | LL | LM | LH | ||
| 15 d | |||||
| 尿素 UREA/(mmol/L) | 0.99±0.21 | 1.15±0.39 | 1.10±0.31 | 1.13±0.25 | 0.803 |
| 碱性磷酸酶 ALP/(U/L) | 11 792.00±3 904.79 | 10 501.96±4 581.57 | 12 384.38±4 520.21 | 8 035.85±3 174.86 | 0.491 |
| 天冬氨酸氨基转移酶 AST/(U/L) | 388.27±67.94 | 341.47±58.45 | 247.27±33.13 | 438.73±93.873 | 0.261 |
| 丙氨酸氨基转移酶 ALT/(U/L) | 4.03±1.63 | 4.40±1.58 | 3.42±0.94 | 4.65±1.57 | 0.503 |
| 总胆固醇 TC/(mmol/L) | 4.55±0.78 | 3.38±0.97 | 3.78±0.68 | 3.78±0.68 | 0.054 |
| 甘油三酯 TG/(mmol/L) | 1.41±0.29Aa | 0.71±0.29Bb | 0.80±0.41Bb | 0.56±0.20Bb | 0.001 |
| 血清白蛋白ALB Ⅱ/(g/L) | 11.78±1.99 | 7.78±3.71 | 10.40±2.40 | 10.45±2.44 | 0.110 |
| 总蛋白 TP-Ⅱ/(g/L) | 30.13±3.47 | 25.75±4.61 | 27.08±5.61 | 26.40±5.15 | 0.418 |
| 白蛋白 GLB/(g/L) | 18.17±1.47 | 16.17±2.48 | 16.83±3.25 | 15.83±2.64 | 0.418 |
| 21 d | |||||
| 尿素 UREA/(mmol/L) | 0.60±0.11 | 0.68±0.16 | 0.63±0.15 | 0.70±0.36 | 0.868 |
| 碱性磷酸酶 ALP/(U/L) | 3 435.60±657.14 | 7 003.47±1 910.05 | 6 466.52±1 461.62 | 3 413.35±1 266.70 | 0.190 |
| 天冬氨酸氨基转移酶 AST/(U/L) | 228.83±23.22 | 247.93±39.87 | 224.78±35.03 | 305.01±64.69 | 0.456 |
| 丙氨酸氨基转移酶 ALT/(U/L) | 3.28±1.79 | 3.92±1.14 | 3.70±0.81 | 4.72±1.59 | 0.361 |
| 总胆固醇 TC/(mmol/L) | 3.76±0.48 | 3.69±0.61 | 3.68±0.60 | 3.58±0.64 | 0.964 |
| 甘油三酯 TG/(mmol/L) | 0.32±0.07 | 0.34±0.07 | 0.36±0.03 | 0.34±0.07 | 0.693 |
| 血清白蛋白 ALB Ⅱ/(g/L) | 11.48±1.77 | 1.83±2.14 | 12.12±1.45 | 10.16±2.94 | 0.460 |
| 总蛋白 TP-Ⅱ/(g/L) | 31.57±5.16 | 33.92±5.82 | 35.33±8.98 | 28.87±8.99 | 0.474 |
| 白蛋白 GLB/(g/L) | 20.00±3.52 | 22.00±3.84 | 23.33±7.71 | 18.67±5.54 | 0.499 |
表9
LPS对麻黄鸡血清细胞因子的影响 (pg/mL)"
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | P值 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | LL | LM | LH | P-value | |
| 15 d | |||||
| 肿瘤坏死因子-α TNF-α | 0.14±0.00 | 0.13±0.01 | 0.14±0.01 | 0.14±0.00 | 0.252 |
| 白细胞介素-6 IL-6 | 1.39±0.05Bb | 1.39±0.08Bb | 1.43±0.07Bb | 1.59±0.14Aa | 0.008 |
| 白细胞介素-1β IL-1β | 1.20±0.02 | 1.19±0.03 | 1.19±0.02 | 1.21±0.02 | 0.503 |
| 21 d | |||||
| 肿瘤坏死因子-α TNF-α | 0.15±0.03 | 0.17±0.01 | 0.15±0.02 | 0.18±0.04 | 0.414 |
| 白细胞介素-6 IL-6 | 1.68±0.20 | 1.70±0.17 | 1.87±0.27 | 2.00±0.51 | 0.523 |
| 白细胞介素-1β IL-1β | 1.24±0.07 | 1.24±0.04 | 1.22±0.03 | 1.29±0.07 | 0.308 |
表10
LPS对麻黄鸡抗氧化的影响"
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | LL | LM | LH | ||
| 15 d | |||||
| 总超氧化物歧化酶 T-SOD/(U/mg prot) | 2.88±0.56a | 2.41±0.47b | 2.60±0.13ab | 2.44±0.21b | 0.060 |
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(U/mg prot) | 0.11±0.07b | 0.19±0.04a | 0.15±0.05ab | 0.20±0.04a | 0.016 |
| 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mg prot) | 0.05±0.01b | 0.09±0.03a | 0.08±0.03a | 0.09±0.03a | 0.028 |
| 过氧化氢酶 CAT/(U/mg prot) | 0.47±0.19 | 0.25±0.17 | 0.43±0.19 | 0.43±0.17 | 0.129 |
| 21 d | |||||
| 总超氧化物歧化酶 T-SOD/(U/mg prot) | 3.13±0.31Aa | 2.49±0.25Bb | 2.77±0.29Bb | 2.68±0.06Bb | 0.003 |
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(U/mg prot) | 0.33±0.09ab | 0.38±0.06a | 0.29±0.05b | 0.40±0.10a | 0.048 |
| 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mg prot) | 0.03±0.02 | 0.10±0.06 | 0.12±0.09 | 0.11±0.13 | 0.288 |
| 过氧化氢酶 CAT/(U/mg prot) | 1.19±0.13Aa | 0.89±0.16Bb | 0.88±0.21Bb | 1.07±0.03ABab | 0.003 |
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