蓝桉精油对热应激肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标、抗氧化能力及肠道健康的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.01.013

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with Eucalyptus globulus essential oil （EGO） on the growth performance， serum biochemical indicators， antioxidant capacity and intestinal health of broilers under heat stress. Method A total of 100 healthy 21-day-old Cobb male broilers with similar body weights were randomly divided into 5 groups with 3 replicates per group and 15 broilers per replicate. Broilers in control group （CON） was housed at （24±1）℃ throughout the day and fed a basal diet， and broilers in the other groups were subjected to heat stress （（32±1）℃ from 09：00 to 17：00 daily and （24±1）℃ otherwise） and fed basal diets supplemented with 0 （HS group）， 100 （HS+EGO-L group）， 200 （HS+EGO-M group）， and 300 （HS+EGO-H group） mg/kg EGO. The experiment lasted 21 d. During the trial period， the growth performance was statistically analyzed. At the end of the trial， subwing vein blood， intestinal tissues and cecal contents of broilers were collected to determine serum biochemical indicators， intestinal tissue morphology， and cecal microflora， respectively. Result ①Compared with CON group， the final body weight （FBW）， average daily feed intake （ADFI）， and average daily gain （ADG） of broilers in HS group were significantly decreased （P<0.05）， and the F/G was significantly increased （P<0.05）. The total bilirubin （TBIL） content and alkaline phosphatase （ALP） activity in serum of broilers in HS group were significantly increased （P<0.05）， while the calcium and phosphorus levels in serum were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. Serum superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity of broilers in HS group was significantly decreased （P<0.05）， and malondialdehyde （MDA） content was significantly increased （P<0.05）. Heat stress significantly reduced the villus height （VH） in duodenum and jejunum of broilers in HS group （P<0.05）. Cecal microflora analysis revealed a significant decrease in Simpson index （P<0.05） and a significant increase in Shannon index （P<0.05）， along with altered Beta diversity. The relative abundance of Firmicutes of broilers in HS group increased， the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes decreased， the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes （F/B） increased， and the relative abundance of Eisenbergiella and Butyricicoccus of broilers in HS group were specifically proliferated. ②Compared with HS group， FBW and ADG of broilers in HS+EGO-M and HS+EGO-H groups were significantly increased （P<0.05）， and F/G in HS+EGO-H group was significantly decreased （P<0.05）. Serum ALP activity of broilers in HS+EGO-H group was significantly decreased （P<0.05）， while serum phosphorus level in HS+EGO-M and HS+EGO-H groups was significantly increased （P<0.05）. Serum calcium level in each EGO group was significantly increased and MDA content was significantly decreased （P<0.05）. VH in duodenum of HS+EGO-L and HS+EGO-M groups and jejunum of HS+EGO-H group was significantly increased （P<0.05）. The relative abundance of Firmicutes in cecum of broilers in each EGO group was decreased， and the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in HS+EGO-M and HS+EGO-H groups was increased， with a decrease in F/B ratio. The relative abundance of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group， Faecalibacterium， Blautia， and norank_o_RF39 in cecum of broilers in HS+EGO-H group were specifically proliferated. ③The Tuzzerella， norank_f_Oscillospiraceae， and Escherichia-Shigella showed significant or extremely significant positive correlation with serum MDA content （P<0.05 or P<0.01）， and Christensenellaceae_R-7_group， Lachnoclostridium， norank_o_Clostridia_UCG-014 and Akkermansia showed significant or extremely significant negative correlation with serum MDA content （P<0.05 or P<0.01）. Conclusion Under the experiment conditions， addition of EGO to feed could alleviate liver damage and oxidative stress in broilers under heat stress， improve the antioxidant capacity of the body， improve intestinal morphology， and modulate gut microbiota balance， and then improve the growth performance of broilers. A dosage of 300 mg/kg EGO was recommended for optimal efficacy.

Key words: heat stress; Eucalyptus globulus essential oil; growth performance; antioxidant capacity; intestinal health

CLC Number:

S831.5

JI Zhenzhen, CHENG Pu, XI Lei, LIU Tongshuai, WANG Yongfen. Effects of Eucalyptus globulus Essential Oil on Growth Performance， Serum Biochemical Indicators， Antioxidant Capacity and Intestinal Health of Broilers Under Heat Stress[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2026, 53(1): 136-150.

Figures/Tables 12

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References 43

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组成 Ingredients	含量 Contents	营养成分 Nutrient components^②	含量 Contents
玉米 Corn	61.87	代谢能 ME/（MJ/kg）	12.52
豆粕 Soybean meal	30.00	粗蛋白质 CP	20.38
鱼粉 Fish meal	1.80	钙 Ca	0.95
豆油 Soybean oil	2.50	有效磷 AP	0.43
磷酸氢钙 CaHPO₄	1.45	赖氨酸 Lys	1.14
石粉 Limestone	1.20	蛋氨酸 Met	0.47
赖氨酸 Lysine	0.03
蛋氨酸 Methionine	0.15
食盐 NaCl	0.30
预混料 Premix^①	0.70
总计 Total	100.00

项目 Items	组别 Groups					标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
项目 Items	CON	HS	HS+EGO-L	HS+EGO-M	HS+EGO-H	标准误 SEM	处理Treatment	线性 Linear	二次 Quadratic
初始体重 IBW/g	822.33	829.33	829.33	826.33	824.00	6.667	0.998	0.995	0.937
终末体重 FBW/g	2 688.67^a	2 179.00^d	2 281.33^cd	2 386.00^bc	2 469.67^b	50.623	<0.001	0.539	0.005
平均日采食量 ADFI/g	161.16^a	131.08^b	138.17^b	143.30^b	142.29^b	3.142	0.008	0.266	0.038
平均日增重 ADG/g	88.87^a	64.27^d	69.14^cd	74.27^bc	78.37^c	2.418	<0.001	0.540	0.004
料重比 F/G	1.81^b	2.04^a	2.00^a	1.93^ab	1.82^b	0.030	0.012	0.652	0.005

项目 Items	组别 Groups					标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
项目 Items	CON	HS	HS+EGO-L	HS+EGO-M	HS+EGO-H	标准误 SEM	处理Treatment	线性 Linear	二次 Quadratic
总胆红素 TBIL/（μmol/L）	1.88^b	2.77^a	3.02^a	3.02^a	2.43^ab	0.130	0.017	0.146	0.002
总蛋白 TP/（g/L）	30.78	31.12	28.62	27.65	30.08	0.623	0.360	0.277	0.307
白蛋白 ALB/（g/L）	12.27	12.97	12.50	12.05	12.55	0.157	0.449	0.758	0.917
球蛋白 GLO/（g/L）	18.52	18.15	16.12	15.60	17.53	0.606	0.498	0.300	0.286
白球比 A/G	0.70	0.73	0.78	0.78	0.74	0.021	0.720	0.365	0.391
谷丙转氨酶 ALT/（U/L）	3.00	3.33	5.00	3.50	3.17	0.341	0.364	0.840	0.292
谷草转氨酶 AST/（U/L）	660.83	639.50	766.00	621.83	626.50	42.889	0.841	0.781	0.809
碱性磷酸酶 ALP/（U/L）	495.17^b	786.17^a	763.83^a	640.33^ab	484.50^b	40.787	0.030	0.571	0.007
葡萄糖 GLU/（mmol/L）	11.07	13.65	11.68	11.37	11.57	0.411	0.301	0.671	0.621
总胆固醇 TC/（mmol/L）	4.24	4.07	4.27	4.35	4.09	0.065	0.620	0.969	0.866
甘油三酯 TG/（mmol/L）	0.66	0.72	0.71	0.89	0.53	0.044	0.139	0.768	0.206
高密度脂蛋白 HDL/（mmol/L）	2.84	2.72	2.84	2.76	2.85	0.047	0.886	0.902	0.853
低密度脂蛋白 LDL/（mmol/L）	2.47	2.38	2.55	2.55	2.45	0.045	0.757	0.671	0.810
肌酐 CRE/（μmol/L）	22.17	19.33	18.33	18.00	18.33	0.779	0.444	0.103	0.148
尿素 UREA/（mmol/L）	0.65^ab	0.65^ab	0.55^b	0.57^b	0.73^a	0.020	0.014	0.562	0.016
钙 Ca/（mmol/L）	1.26^a	1.07^c	1.18^b	1.21^ab	1.27^a	0.016	<0.001	0.139	0.001
磷 P/（mmol/L）	2.07^b	1.99^c	2.04^bc	2.09^ab	2.14^a	0.013	<0.001	0.004	<0.001

项目 Items	组别 Groups					标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
项目 Items	CON	HS	HS+EGO-L	HS+EGO-M	HS+EGO-H	标准误 SEM	处理Treatment	线性 Linear	二次 Quadratic
超氧化物歧化酶 SOD/（U/mL）	3.62^a	2.29^b	3.29^ab	3.29^ab	3.22^ab	0.160	0.086	0.860	0.540
过氧化氢酶 CAT/（U/mL）	29.94	29.66	31.68	26.37	27.82	1.514	0.853	0.490	0.757
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/（U/mL）	134.80	138.68	137.87	141.68	140.40	3.607	0.984	0.587	0.851
丙二醛 MDA/（nmol/mL）	18.52^b	22.55^a	17.87^b	18.75^b	17.02^b	0.588	0.021	0.103	0.125

项目 Items	组别 Groups					标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
项目 Items	CON	HS	HS+EGO-L	HS+EGO-M	HS+EGO-H	标准误 SEM	处理Treatment	线性 Linear	二次 Quadratic
十二指肠 Duodenum
绒毛高度 VH/μｍ	764.20^a	681.15^b	759.56^a	763.68^a	726.15^ab	12.138	0.125	0.942	0.985
隐窝深度 CD/μｍ	115.49	109.33	111.80	115.76	112.87	1.116	0.342	0.883	0.698
绒隐比 V/C	6.62	6.25	6.79	6.60	6.44	0.088	0.380	0.988	0.924
空肠 Jejunum
绒毛高度 VH/μｍ	713.05^a	645.91^b	681.43^ab	679.42^ab	738.20^a	9.932	0.026	0.239	0.012
隐窝深度 CD/μｍ	108.68	111.09	118.93	116.71	111.87	1.817	0.379	0.360	0.178
绒隐比 V/C	6.58	5.85	5.77	5.87	6.66	0.141	0.093	0.849	0.017
回肠 Iieum
绒毛高度 VH/μｍ	561.89	556.60	587.88	554.97	572.37	5.974	0.402	0.655	0.848
隐窝深度 CD/μｍ	119.79	122.69	121.30	114.84	118.78	1.216	0.316	0.258	0.512
绒隐比 VH/CD	4.70	4.55	4.85	4.84	4.82	0.056	0.376	0.171	0.395

Effects of Eucalyptus globulus Essential Oil on Growth Performance， Serum Biochemical Indicators， Antioxidant Capacity and Intestinal Health of Broilers Under Heat Stress

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项目 Items	组别 Groups					标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
项目 Items	CON	HS	HS+EGO-L	HS+EGO-M	HS+EGO-H	标准误 SEM	处理Treatment	线性 Linear	二次 Quadratic
ACE指数 ACE index	1 778.22	1 827.87	1 923.55	1 797.97	1 803.73	36.345	0.766	0.936	0.611
Sobs指数 Sobs index	1 168.00	1 338.50	1 338.50	1 285.50	1 364.17	27.663	0.162	0.083	0.131
Chao指数 Chao index	1 632.08	1 785.59	1 786.40	1 689.34	1 754.99	30.207	0.430	0.493	0.451
Shannon指数 Shannon index	3.18^c	3.85^ab	3.79^ab	3.50^bc	3.95^a	0.078	0.003	0.026	0.047
Simpson指数 Simpson index	0.14^a	0.07^b	0.07^b	0.11^ab	0.06^b	0.008	0.002	0.025	0.031
Coverage指数 Coverage index	0.998	0.998	0.998	0.998	0.998	0.000	0.704	0.644	0.539