月桂酸甘油酯对奶牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵参数、血清生化指标及气体排放的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.01.016

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of glycerol monolaurate （GML） on the growth performance， rumen fermentation parameters， serum biochemical indices， and gas emissions in dairy cows. Method Forty-eight seven-month-old healthy Holstein cows with similar body weights were selected and randomly assigned to four groups with twelve cows per group. Based on the daily dry matter intake of the test animals， 0 （control group）， 0.6%， 1.2% and 1.8% GML were added to the basic feed， respectively. The pretest period was 14 days， the main test period was 56 days. The body weight of dairy cows were weighed on the 0 and 50th days， and the average daily weight gain was calculated. Fecal samples of dairy cows were collected using rectal fecal sampling on the 50th to 54th days for the determination of nutrient apparent digestibility. Rumen fluid of dairy cows was collected on the 0 and 51st days for the determination of rumen fermentation parameters. Blood samples were collected on the 52nd days for the determination of serum biochemical indices， and the respiratory mask was used to determine the rate of gas emission from dairy cows on the 49th to 56th days. Result ①The final body weight and average daily gain of dairy cows in 0.6% GML group were significantly lower than those in other groups （P<0.05）. The apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber of dairy cows in 0.6% and 1.8% GML groups were significantly lower than that in control and 1.2% GML groups （P<0.05）， and the apparent digestibility of acid detergent fiber and crude protein were significantly higher than those in other groups （P<0.05）. ②There were no significant differences of microbial protein content and pH in rumen fluid of dairy cows in each group （P>0.05）. The contents of acetic acid （A） and propionic acid （P） and A/P value in rumen fluid of dairy cows on the 51st days showed significant linearly changes with the amount of GML additive （P<0.05）. ③There were no significant differences of total protein， albumin， urea， glucose， triglyceride and lipase in serum of dairy cows in each group （P>0.05）. The white globule ratio and total cholesterol content in 1.2% GML group were significantly lower than those in other groups （P<0.05）. ④Methane （CH₄） and carbon dioxide （CO₂） emission rates measured by respiratory mask showed a slight decreasing trend in 0.6% GML group compared with control group， whereas 1.2% and 1.8% GML groups showed marginally higher emission. However， no significant differences were detected in each group （P>0.05）. Conclusion Supplementing the diet with 0.6% GML exerted a certain emissions-reducing effect by lowering CH₄ and CO₂ emission rates， while also affecting growth performance. However， higher doses of GML （1.2% and 1.8%） demonstrated potential advantages in improving the utilization rate of crude protein and acidic fiber in rumen， as well as promoting daily weight gain.

Key words: glycerol monolaurate; dairy cows; growth performance; rumen fermentation parameters; methane

CLC Number:

S816.7

WANG Xiaohan, WU Huiguang, REN Lijing, ZHAO Jiangnan, LIN Miao, ZHAO Jingwen. Effects of Glycerol Monolaurate on Growth Performance， Rumen Fermentation Parameters， Serum Biochemical Indices， and Gas Emissions in Dairy Cows[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2026, 53(1): 179-189.

Figures/Tables 8

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原料 Ingredients	含量 Contents	营养成分 Nutrient components	含量 Contents
玉米青贮 Corn silage	68.29	生长净能 NEg/（MJ/kg）	6.78
精料补充料 Concentrate supplement	10.01	粗蛋白质 CP	16.13
西班牙苜蓿草 Spanish alfalfa	8.00	粗脂肪 EE	12.33
啤酒糟 Brewer’s grains	7.95	中性洗涤纤维 NDF	51.21
甜菜粕 Beet pulp	1.70	酸性洗涤纤维 ADF	35.56
玉米压片 Corn flake	1.40	粗灰分 Ash	11.65
棉籽 Cottonseed	1.10
燕麦草 Oat grass	0.85
豆粕 Bean pulp	0.70
合计 Total	100.00

项目 Items	GML添加量 GML addition/%				标准误SEM	P值 P-value
项目 Items	0	0.6	1.2	1.8	标准误SEM	处理 Treatment	线性 Linear	二次 Quadratic
初始体重 IBW	224.64	227.36	227.09	221.88	1.27	0.38	0.45	0.16
终末体重 FBW	294.44^a	267.56^b	301.73^a	308.25^a	3.89	<0.01	<0.05	<0.05
平均日增重 ADG	1.38^a	0.81^b	1.49^a	1.65^a	0.08	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01

项目 Items	GML添加量 GML addition/%				标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
项目 Items	0	0.6	1.2	1.8	标准误 SEM	处理Treatment	线性 Linear	二次Quadratic
粗脂肪 EE	0.71	0.70	0.72	0.67	0.01	0.14	0.20	0.20
中性洗涤纤维 NDF	0.51^a	0.46^b	0.52^a	0.43^b	0.01	<0.01	<0.05	0.10
酸性洗涤纤维 ADF	0.32^b	0.36^b	0.42^a	0.35^b	0.01	<0.01	0.06	<0.01
粗蛋白质 CP	0.75^b	0.75^b	0.81^a	0.77^b	0.01	<0.01	<0.05	<0.05

项目Items	时间Time/d	GML添加量 GML addition/%				标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
项目Items	时间Time/d	0	0.60	1.20	1.80	标准误 SEM	处理Treatment	线性Linear	二次Quadratic
微生物蛋白 MCP/（mg/L）	0	243.62	254.75	297.85	317.67	15.81	0.31	0.07	0.89
微生物蛋白 MCP/（mg/L）	51	320.60	347.23	340.78	349.28	17.90	0.94	0.63	0.81
pH	0	6.98	7.04	6.92	7.00	0.03	0.58	0.85	0.89
pH	51	7.21	7.03	7.03	7.04	0.04	0.18	0.10	0.16

项目 Items	时间 Time/d	GML添加量 GML addition/%				标准误SEM	P值 P-value
项目 Items	时间 Time/d	0	0.6	1.2	1.8	标准误SEM	处理Treatment	线性Linear	二次Quadratic
乙酸 Acetic acid/%	0	68.42	67.52	66.76	67.51	0.49	0.76	0.49	0.47
乙酸 Acetic acid/%	51	65.84^ab	64.74^b	67.50^ab	69.25^a	0.64	0.06	<0.05	0.23
丙酸 Propionic acid/%	0	20.20	21.34	21.02	21.45	0.43	0.79	0.44	0.72
丙酸 Propionic acid/%	51	23.48^a	23.18^ab	21.61^ab	19.63^b	0.62	0.15	<0.05	0.48
丁酸 Butyric acid/%	0	11.39	11.14	12.22	11.04	0.41	0.79	0.99	0.62
丁酸 Butyric acid/%	51	10.69	12.09	10.89	11.12	0.28	0.28	0.97	0.31
总挥发性脂肪酸 TVFA/（mmol/L）	0	51.61^b	71.02^b	114.39^a	64.36^b	8.64	<0.05	0.08	<0.05
总挥发性脂肪酸 TVFA/（mmol/L）	51	56.01	41.53	50.15	54.10	2.62	0.20	0.91	0.09
乙丙比 A/P	0	3.39	3.17	3.20	3.19	0.08	0.80	0.49	0.57
乙丙比 A/P	51	2.86	2.83	3.14	3.61	0.12	0.09	<0.05	0.27

Effects of Glycerol Monolaurate on Growth Performance， Rumen Fermentation Parameters， Serum Biochemical Indices， and Gas Emissions in Dairy Cows

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项目 Items	GML添加量 GML addition/%				标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
项目 Items	0	0.6	1.2	1.8	标准误 SEM	处理Treatment	线性Linear	二次Quadratic
总蛋白 TP/（g/L）	71.73	71.23	70.60	72.90	1.47	0.97	0.85	0.69
白蛋白 ALB/（g/L）	35.07	35.40	40.50	38.03	1.06	0.24	0.15	0.49
球蛋白 GLO/（g/L）	36.67	35.83	30.10	34.87	1.20	0.22	0.46	<0.05
白球比 A/G	0.96^b	0.99^b	1.36^a	1.10^b	0.06	<0.05	0.06	0.09
尿素 UREA/（mmol/L）	4.67	4.68	4.57	4.72	0.23	0.23	0.12	0.61
葡萄糖 GLU/（mmol/L）	4.93	4.59	5.09	4.93	0.11	0.98	0.98	0.80
总胆固醇 TC/（mmol/L）	3.08^b	2.83^b	4.07^a	3.06^b	0.18	<0.05	0.31	0.15
甘油三酯 TG/（mmol/L）	0.35	0.34	0.48	0.37	0.03	0.42	0.47	0.47
脂肪酶 LPS/（U/L）	13.77	8.53	10.20	15.30	1.50	0.40	0.65	0.12

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