饲粮中添加虾青素对热应激条件下母兔繁殖性能、抗氧化能力及其仔兔生长的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.01.020

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective The study aimed to investigate the effects of astaxanthin （AST） on reproductive performance， antioxidant capacity of female rabbits and the growth of offspring under heat stress conditions， as well as to screen optimal dosage of AST in diet. Method A total of 240 New Zealand female rabbits with similar body weight and parity （2-3） were randomly divided into four groups： Control group （basal diet）， AST5 group （basal diet+5 mg/kg AST）， AST15 group （basal diet+15 mg/kg AST） and AST25 group （basal diet+25 mg/kg AST）. The test started from 6 d before female rabbits mating artificially to the 35 d postpartum （weaning of suckling rabbits）， which lasted for 72 d. During the experiment， the environmental temperature and relative humidity in the rabbit house were monitored and recorded to calculate the temperature-humidity index （THI）. Feed intake of female rabbits at different pregnant stages， the reproductive performance， serum antioxidant capacity and the concentrations of estradiol （E₂）， progesterone （P） and prolactin （PRL）， and growth performance of the offspring were determined. Result 63%（≥50%） of the experimental period was under heat stress conditions （THI≥27.8）， which achieved conditions of heat stress. Compared with control group， ①Female rabbits in AST25 group had higher average feed intake at all stages （P<0.05）. Conception rate and litter rate in AST25 group were significantly improved （P<0.05）. The feed intake and other reproductive performance of does showed no significant difference between groups. ②Serum concentration of malondialdehyde （MDA） in AST15 and AST25 groups were significantly decreased （P<0.05）， and the activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD） was significantly enhanced （P<0.05）. Furthermore， higher activity of serum glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） was observed in AST25 group （P<0.05）. The activity of catalase （CAT） in serum showed no significant difference among the groups （P>0.05）. ③Moreover， reduced serum estradiol level at 15 d of gestation （P<0.01） and enhanced serum prolactin level at 21 d postpartum （P<0.05） were observed in AST25 group. Serum progesterone levels at 15 d of gestation in the all experimental groups were significantly reduced （P<0.05）. ④Additionally， the average number of kits per litter at 7 and 14 d in AST5 group， at 14 d in AST15 group， at 14， 21 and 35 d in AST25 group were all increased （P<0.05）， and the litter weight in AST25 group was increased （P<0.05）. The other growth performance indicators of kits showed no significant difference among the groups （P>0.05）. Conclusion Under the heat stress conditions in this experiment， adding AST to the diet could improve the reproductive performance of female rabbits and the growth of their offspring by enhancing their antioxidant capacity. The appropriate amount of AST added was 25 mg/kg.

Key words: astaxanthin; rabbits; heat stress; reproductive performance; antioxidant capacity

CLC Number:

S816.7

ZHANG Chaoping, LAI Meifei, ZHANG Shunyu, LI Zixu, GAO Yuyang, WU Yingjie, LIU Ning, QIN Yinghe. Effects of Dietary Astaxanthin on Reproductive Performance， Antioxidant Capacity of Female Rabbits and Growth of Suckling Rabbits[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2026, 53(1): 224-232.

Figures/Tables 7

Table 1

Fig.1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Fig.2

Fig.3

References 29

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原料 Ingredients	含量 Contents	营养成分 Nutrient components^②	含量 Contents
玉米 Corn	14.00	消化能 DE/（MJ/kg）	9.28
麸皮 Wheat bran	7.60	干物质 DM	91.50
次粉 Wheat middling	4.00	粗蛋白质 CP	18.69
羊草草粉 Chinese wildrye powder	6.00	粗脂肪 EE	3.37
花生壳 Peanut shell	5.00	粗纤维 CF	16.13
大豆油 Soybean oil	0.50	中性洗涤纤维 NDF	37.74
豆粕 Soybean meal	10.00	酸性洗涤纤维 ADF	21.23
白杆粉 Picea meyeri powder	5.00	酸性洗涤木质素 ADL	5.60
黑啤酒糟 Dark brewer grain	15.00	粗灰分 Ash	8.72
麦芽根 Malt root	8.50	食盐 NaCl	0.45
棕榈粕 Palm kernel meal	5.00	钙 Ca	1.12
花生秧粉 Peanut powder	7.00	总磷 TP	0.77
稻壳粉 Rice shell powder	7.30	赖氨酸 Lys	0.92
预混料 Premix^①	5.10	蛋氨酸 Met	0.44
合计 Total	100.00	苏氨酸 Thr	0.62

阶段 Stage	虾青素添加水平 AST supplemental levels/（mg/kg）
阶段 Stage	0	5	15	25
妊娠前期 Early gestation	136.87±9.40^b	159.69±2.83^ab	145.67±5.89^b	169.81±5.65^a
妊娠中期 Middle gestation	157.00±8.14^b	159.40±8.54^b	177.66±13.60^ab	198.43±11.36^a
妊娠后期 Late gestation	130.76±6.10^b	126.57±7.65^b	150.02±17.37^ab	163.03±9.96^a
妊娠期 Gestation	154.60±6.70^b	146.29±5.20^b	159.94±7.54^b	180.03±7.40^a
哺乳期 Lactation	376.95±14.46^b	406.93±16.31^ab	387.79±7.22^b	428.55±13.89^a

项目 Items	虾青素添加水平 AST supplemental levels/（mg/kg）
项目 Items	0	5	15	25
参配母兔数 Number of does/只	59	59	60	60
受胎率 Conception rate/%	55.93^b	69.49^ab	71.67^ab	76.67^a
分娩率 Farrowing rate/%	47.46^b	59.32^ab	61.67^ab	66.67^a
窝产仔数 Litter size/只	7.93±0.45	7.23±0.43	7.05±0.36	7.50±0.40
窝产活仔数 Live litter size/只	7.11±0.44	5.94±0.37	6.30±0.39	6.78±0.44
窝产死胎数 Number of kits born dead/只	0.82±0.24	1.30±0.42	0.76±0.21	0.73±0.26
初生总窝重 Total litter weight/g	364.68±16.61	342.29±17.17	325.05±11.92	355.15±18.53
初生活仔窝重 Litter weight born alive/g	330.15±18.63	285.33±16.83	291.09±14.46	328.61±20.57
初生活仔均重 Average weight of kits born alive/g	47.63±1.51	49.00±1.80	48.54±1.64	49.20±1.15
死胎重 Average weight of kits born dead/g	34.53±10.32	55.57±17.50	33.95±9.83	22.27±7.54

日龄Days	项目 Items	虾青素添加水平 AST supplemental levels/（mg/kg）
日龄Days	项目 Items	0	5	15	25
7	窝均仔兔数 Number of kits per litter/只	5.90±0.23^b	6.50±0.16^a	6.20±0.20^ab	6.30±0.21^ab
7	仔兔窝重 Litter weight/g	658.32±28.67	755.14±13.29	709.22±24.86	752.76±20.41
14	窝均仔兔数 Number of kits per litter/只	4.90±0.50^b	6.10±0.28^a	6.20±0.20^a	6.20±0.20^a
14	仔兔窝重 Litter weight/g	902.80±85.45^b	902.80±85.45^ab	1 123.40±60.06^ab	1 218.04±39.49^a
21	窝均仔兔数 Number of kits per litter/只	3.93±0.52^b	5.03±0.45^ab	4.75±0.42^ab	5.35±0.36^a
21	仔兔窝重 Litter weight/g	1 226.69±102.07^b	1 392.36±67.58^ab	1 393.08±56.55^ab	1 551.45±57.49^a
35	窝均仔兔数 Number of kits per litter/只	3.31±0.53^b	4.24±0.45^ab	3.76±0.48^ab	4.62±0.40^a
35	仔兔窝重 Litter weight/g	2 194.84±346.91^b	2 731.87±293.18^ab	2 331.17±296.64^ab	3 112.78±296.64^a

Effects of Dietary Astaxanthin on Reproductive Performance， Antioxidant Capacity of Female Rabbits and Growth of Suckling Rabbits

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