饲粮中添加石榴皮粉对肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化能力及肠道微生物的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.02.020

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with pomegranate peel powder （PPP） on the growth performance， intestinal morphology， serum biochemical and antioxidant indices， and cecal microbiota structure of White-feathered broilers. Method A total of 288 one-day-old Arbor Acres （AA） broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates per group and 24 broilers per replicate. The control group （CON） was fed a basal diet， while groups 1， 2 and 3 received the basal diet supplemented with 0.75%， 1.5% and 3.0% PPP， respectively. The trial lasted for 42 days. Body weight and feed intake were recorded at the beginning and end of the trial to calculate average daily gain （ADG）， average daily feed intake （ADFI）， and feed-to-gain ratio （F/G）. At the end of the experiment， 12 chickens were randomly selected. Blood was collected and serum was sparated. Collect jejunal and ileal tissues as well as cecal contents and determine serum biochemical and antioxidant indices， intestinal morphology， and cecal microbial composition （analyzed via 16S rDNA sequencing） were determined. Result Compared with CON group， the growth performance of broilers in group 1 showed an improving trend， but the difference was not significant （P>0.05）. Compared with CON group， the activity of aspartate aminotransferase （AST） in the serum of broilers in group 1 was significantly decreased （P<0.05）， while the activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and total antioxidant capacity （T-AOC） were significantly increased （P<0.05）. Compared with CON group， the villus height （VH） and villus/crypt ratio （V/C） of the jejunum in group 1 broilers were significantly increased （P<0.05）. The results of cecal microbiota sequencing showed that 0.75% PPP could significantly increase the richness and diversity of the microbiota， promote the proliferation of beneficial bacteria such as Bacteroides， Bifidobacterium and Christensenella （P<0.05）， and significantly reduce the abundance of the potential pathogen Alistipes （P<0.05）. Correlation analysis indicated that Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium were positively correlated with serum antioxidant indicators and intestinal morphology parameters. Conclusion Under the present experimental conditions， dietary supplementation with 0.75% PPP could significantly enhance antioxidant capacity， improve intestinal mucosal morphology， and increase the richness of beneficial cecal microbiota in broilers.

Key words: pomegranate peel; intestinal morphology; serum biochemistry; antioxidant capacity; intestinal flora

CLC Number:

S816.7

YI Lin, ZHOU Changming, KANG Shouting, ZHAO Fuwei, ZHAO Xianlin, WAN Shuangxiu, JIANG Lili, WANG Shiyu, FAN Zhaobin, ZHANG Jianbin. Effects of Pomegranate Peel Powder on Growth Performance， Antioxidant Capacity and Intestinal Microorganisms of Broilers[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2026, 53(2): 723-734.

Figures/Tables 11

Table 1

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Fig.2

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References 47

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成分 Ingredients	含量 Contents
黄酮 Flavone/（mg/g）	53.74
多酚 Polyphenol/（mg/g）	141.57
鞣质 Tannin/（mg/g）	163.52
干物质 DM/%	93.92
粗蛋白质 CP/%	3.65
粗脂肪 EE/%	0.72
粗灰分 Ash/%	4.42
粗纤维 CF/%	17.53
钙 Ca/%	1.94
磷 P/%	0.11

项目 Items	0~21 d				22~42 d
项目 Items	对照组 CON group	1组 Group 1	2组 Group 2	3组 Group 3	对照组 CON group	1组 Group 1	2组 Group 2	3组 Group 3
原料 Ingredients
玉米 Corn	61.00	61.00	61.00	61.00	63.00	63.00	63.00	63.00
次粉 Wheat middling	4.00	3.50	3.00	2.00	5.10	4.60	4.10	3.60
豆粕 Soybean meal	26.00	26.00	26.00	26.00	20.00	20.00	20.00	20.00
酒糟蛋白饲料 DDGS	3.00	2.75	2.50	2.00	5.00	4.75	4.50	3.50
石榴皮粉 PPP	0.00	0.75	1.50	3.00	0.00	0.75	1.50	3.00
磷酸氢钙 Dicalcium phosphate	1.30	1.30	1.30	1.30	1.40	1.40	1.40	1.40
细石粉 Limestone flour	1.40	1.40	1.40	1.40	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50
大豆油 Soybean oil	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.85	2.85	2.85	2.85
食盐 Salt	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30
L-赖氨酸 L-lysine	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35
DL-蛋氨酸 DL-methionine	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.14	0.14	0.14	0.14
L-苏氨酸 L-threonine	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06
胆碱 Choline chloride	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10
预混料Premix^①	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20
合计Total	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
营养成分Nutrient components^②
代谢能 ME/（MJ/kg）	12.66	12.62	12.62	12.62	13.02	13.02	13.02	13.02
粗蛋白质 Crude protein	19.60	19.50	19.46	19.45	19.50	18.50	18.48	18.45
钙 Calcium	0.91	0.91	0.91	0.91	0.95	0.95	0.95	0.95
磷 Phosphorus	0.59	0.59	0.59	0.59	0.58	0.58	0.58	0.58
赖氨酸 Lysine	1.12	1.12	1.12	1.12	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
蛋氨酸 Methionine	0.53	0.53	0.53	0.53	0.45	0.45	0.45	0.45
苏氨酸 Threonine	0.82	0.82	0.82	0.82	0.73	0.73	0.73	0.73

项目 Items	组别 Groups				P值 P-value
项目 Items	对照组 CON group	1组 Group 1	2组 Group 2	3组 Group 3	P值 P-value
初始体重 IBW/g	46.85±0.18	45.65±0.70	47.18±1.10	46.68±1.55	0.743
终末体重 FBW/g	2 772.7±6.23^ab	2 954.89±120.70^a	2 440.11±81.72^bc	2 430.33±57.51^c	0.004
平均日采食量 ADFI/g	105.41±0.14^a	105.63±0.55^a	99.75±0.40^c	102.91±0.30^b	<0.001
平均日增重 ADG/g	64.93±2.63^ab	69.24±2.05^a	56.97±2.01^b	56.75±0.57^b	0.005
料重比 F/G	1.63±0.06^ab	1.52±0.04^b	1.76±0.07^ab	1.81±0.02^a	0.017

项目 Items	组别 Groups				P值 P-value
项目 Items	对照组 CON group	1组 Group 1	2组 Group 2	3组 Group 3	P值 P-value
天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶 AST/（U/L）	9.77±0.50^a	7.23±0.40^b	7.77±0.56^ab	8.46±0.72^ab	0.014
丙氨酸氨基转移酶 ALT/（U/L）	1.70±0.05	1.62±0.19	1.63±0.07	1.75±0.02	0.814
肌酐 CRE/（μmol/L）	11.05±0.57	10.70±0.80	10.82±0.84	11.09±1.07	0.986
总蛋白 TP/（g/L）	19.54±0.36^b	20.34±0.57^ab	21.00±0.48^ab	21.90±0.43^a	0.006
白蛋白 ALB/（g/L）	12.91±0.28	13.89±0.53	14.07±0.77	14.33±0.61	0.333
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/（μmol/L）	791.40±31.79^b	877.12±16.97^ab	826.97±21.27^ab	911.87±20.26^a	0.004
总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/（mmol/mL）	0.53±0.01^d	0.71±0.01^a	0.61±0.01^c	0.66±0.01^b	<0.001
丙二醛 MDA/（μmol/mL）	7.56±0.55	6.14±0.50	6.57±0.20	6.82±0.31	0.122
超氧化物歧化酶 SOD/（U/mL）	104.95±1.85^b	115.11±1.48^a	109.57±1.71^ab	111.66±1.65^a	0.001

项目 Items	组别 Groups				P值 P-value
项目 Items	对照组 CON group	1组 Group 1	2组 Group 2	3组 Group 3	P值 P-value
空肠 Jejunum
绒毛高度 VH	987.73±7.65^c	1 338.91±19.19^a	1 120.07±16.39^b	1 049.63±19.25^c	<0.001
隐窝深度 CD	156.07±2.01^a	92.71±2.67^d	107.57±4.75^c	123.07±4.27^b	<0.001
绒隐比 V/C	6.34±0.09^d	14.54±0.50^a	10.55±0.42^b	8.61±0.32^c	<0.001
回肠 Ileum
绒毛高度 VH	1 084.12±27.49^c	1 415.81±49.21^a	1 303.46±27.54^ab	1 239.41±27.54^bc	<0.001
隐窝深度 CD	94.81±2.06^b	134.21±4.05^a	141.68±5.00^a	135.63±2.62^a	<0.001
绒隐比 V/C	11.48±0.38^a	10.64±0.49^ab	9.27±0.32^b	9.20±0.53^b	0.002

Effects of Pomegranate Peel Powder on Growth Performance， Antioxidant Capacity and Intestinal Microorganisms of Broilers

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项目 Items	对照组 CON group	1组 Group 1	P值P-value
拟杆菌门 Bacteroidota	0.4664±0.0217^b	0.8012±0.0073^a	<0.001
厚壁菌门 Firmicutes	0.5157±0.0206^a	0.1490±0.0044^b	<0.001
变形菌门 Proteobacteria	0.0129±0.0018^b	0.0313±0.0036^a	<0.001
放线菌门 Actinobacteriota	0.0040±0.0003^b	0.0175±0.0016^a	<0.001
蓝菌门 Cyanobacteria	0.0005±0.0001^b	0.0010±0.0002^a	<0.001

项目 Items	对照组 CON group	1组 Group 1	P值P-value
拟杆菌属 Bacteroides	0.4226±0.0194^b	0.7544±0.0079^a	<0.001
另枝菌属 Alistipes	0.0395±0.0165^a	0.0165±0.0010^b	<0.001
埃希-志贺菌属 Escherichia-Shigella	0.0116±0.0018^b	0.0296±0.0035^a	<0.001
克里斯滕森氏菌属 Christensenella	0.0003±0.0000^b	0.0053±0.0006^a	<0.001
经黏液真杆菌属 Blautia	0.0221±0.0027^a	0.0005±0.0000^b	<0.001
栖热粪杆菌属 Coprobacter	0.0043±0.0003^b	0.0302±0.0013^a	<0.001
粪杆菌属 Faecalibacterium	0.0190±0.0018^a	0.0023±0.0003^b	<0.001
考拉杆菌属 Phascolarctobacterium	0.0223±0.0021^a	0.0010±0.0002^b	<0.001
罕见小球菌属 Subdoligranulum	0.0161±0.0022^a	0.0038±0.0004^b	<0.001
双歧杆菌属 Bifidobacterium	0.0009±0.0001^b	0.0155±0.0016^a	<0.001

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