China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (2): 735-748.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.02.021
• Nutrition and Feed • Previous Articles Next Articles
BAI Qin1(
), LUO Xiaolin1, SHANG Kaiyuan1, GUAN Jiuqiang1, HUA Haiquan2, XU Chunxi3, AN Tianwu1, ZHAO Hongwen1, GOU Yuting1, ZHANG Xiangfei1(
)
Received:2025-07-23
Online:2026-02-20
Published:2026-01-27
Contact:
ZHANG Xiangfei
E-mail:bq1278560523@163.com;zxfsicau@foxmail.com
CLC Number:
BAI Qin, LUO Xiaolin, SHANG Kaiyuan, GUAN Jiuqiang, HUA Haiquan, XU Chunxi, AN Tianwu, ZHAO Hongwen, GOU Yuting, ZHANG Xiangfei. Effect of Seasonal Differential Feeding of Full Year on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemistry Indicators and Feeding Benefits of Yaks[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2026, 53(2): 735-748.
Table 1
Composition and nutrient levels of basal diets (DM basis)"
项目 Items | 暖季补饲 Supplementary feeding during warm season | 冷季补饲 Supplementary feeding during cold season | 冷季舍饲 Confined feeding during cold season |
|---|---|---|---|
| 原料 Ingredients | |||
| 玉米 Corn | 8.81 | 18.64 | 17.11 |
| 米糠 Rice bran | 3.72 | — | 4.83 |
| 小麦 Wheat | — | — | 6.97 |
| 麦麸 Wheat bran | 4.69 | 5.66 | — |
| 豆皮 Soybean hulls | — | 2.28 | 0.42 |
| 大豆粕 Soybean meal | 1.19 | 1.58 | — |
| 菜籽粕 Rapeseed meal | 1.50 | 3.40 | 3.00 |
| 棉籽饼 Cottonseed meal | 2.76 | 4.40 | 3.21 |
| 大豆油 Soybean oil | — | 0.36 | 0.54 |
| 糖蜜 Molasses | — | — | 0.35 |
| 膨化尿素 Extruded urea | 0.26 | 0.62 | 0.42 |
| 活性干酵母 Active dry yeast | 0.07 | — | — |
| 磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 | 0.17 | — | — |
| 小苏打 NaHCO3 | — | 0.36 | 0.45 |
| 食盐 NaCl | 0.42 | 0.45 | 0.45 |
| 预混料 Premix① | 1.41 | 2.25 | 2.25 |
| 7月牧草 July grass | 75.00 | — | — |
| 1月牧草 January grass | — | 60.00 | — |
| 燕麦干草 Oat hay | — | — | 60.00 |
| 合计 Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养成分 Nutrient components② | |||
| 综合净能 NEmf/(MJ/kg) | 5.21 | 4.92 | 5.02 |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 12.73 | 11.16 | 11.00 |
| 粗纤维 CF | 20.70 | 24.35 | 21.03 |
| 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 47.56 | 48.90 | 43.86 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 28.11 | 29.68 | 28.57 |
| 钙 Ca | 0.83 | 1.03 | 1.49 |
| 磷 P | 0.42 | 0.34 | 0.42 |
| 粗脂肪 EE | 4.34 | 3.67 | 3.54 |
| 粗灰分 ASH | 4.21 | 4.56 | 4.44 |
Table 2
Effects of annual seasonal differential feeding on production performance of yaks"
| 项目 Items | 阶段 Periods | 对照组 CON group | 试验组 SF group |
|---|---|---|---|
| 初始体重 IBW/kg | 4月 | 149.96±3.63 | 145.02±4.33 |
| 体重 BW/kg | 10月 | 217.10±3.89b | 247.82±4.65a |
| 体重 BW/kg | 翌年1月 | 207.56±4.09b | 264.14±4.79a |
| 终末体重 FBW/kg | 翌年4月 | 190.68±4.09b | 302.20±5.60a |
| 平均日增重 ADG/g | 4~10月 | 362.92±7.88b | 555.68±13.06a |
| 10月~翌年1月 | -106.00±5.83b | 181.33±11.69a | |
| 翌年1~4月 | -187.56±10.82b | 422.89±25.52a | |
| 4月~翌年4月 | 111.56±5.19b | 430.63±11.07a |
Table 3
Effects of annual seasonal differential feeding on serum biochemistry of yaks"
| 项目 Items | 阶段 Periods | 对照组 CON group | 试验组 SF group |
|---|---|---|---|
| 葡萄糖 GLU/(mmol/L) | 10月 | 2.77±0.16 | 3.31±0.27 |
| 翌年4月 | 2.45±0.17b | 3.03±0.10a | |
| 白蛋白 ALB/(g/L) | 10月 | 22.92±0.73b | 29.66±1.22aA |
| 翌年4月 | 20.83±1.01b | 25.23±1.15aB | |
| 球蛋白 GLB/(g/L) | 10月 | 34.99±1.51b | 40.58±1.97a |
| 翌年4月 | 33.47±1.38 | 38.17±1.74 | |
| 总蛋白 TP/(g/L) | 10月 | 57.91±1.93b | 70.24±2.51aA |
| 翌年4月 | 54.30±1.92b | 63.40±2.31aB | |
| 尿素氮 BUN/(mg/dL) | 10月 | 10.42±0.68 | 10.97±0.78 |
| 翌年4月 | 8.68±0.66 | 9.18±1.03 |
Table 4
Effects of annual seasonal differential feeding on serum lipid metabolites of yaks"
| 项目 Items | 阶段 Periods | 对照组 CON group | 试验组 SF group |
|---|---|---|---|
| 总胆固醇 TC/(mmol/L) | 10月 | 2.30±0.15 | 2.41±0.15 |
| 翌年4月 | 2.56±0.16 | 2.19±0.20 | |
| 甘油三酯 TG/(mmol/L) | 10月 | 0.62±0.05 | 0.64±0.06 |
| 翌年4月 | 0.59±0.03 | 0.67±0.03 | |
| 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 HDL-C/(mmol/L) | 10月 | 1.31±0.07b | 1.99±0.10aA |
| 翌年4月 | 1.22±0.05b | 1.63±0.10aB | |
| 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 LDL-C/(mmol/L) | 10月 | 0.84±0.08 | 0.86±0.09 |
| 翌年4月 | 0.93±0.06a | 0.65±0.06b | |
| 极低密度脂蛋白 VLDL/(mmol/L) | 10月 | 12.04±0.21bB | 12.90±0.26aB |
| 翌年4月 | 15.20±0.42aA | 13.75±0.23bA | |
| 非酯化脂肪酸 NEFA/(mmol/L) | 10月 | 0.29±0.02B | 0.32±0.02B |
| 翌年4月 | 0.49±0.02aA | 0.39±0.02bA | |
| β-羟基丁酸 BHBA/(μmol/L) | 10月 | 345.02±11.24B | 355.26±19.01B |
| 翌年4月 | 467.59±14.96aA | 409.68±10.60bA |
Table 5
Effects of annual seasonal differential feeding on serum energy metabolism-related hormone levels in yaks"
| 项目 Items | 阶段 Periods | 对照组 CON group | 试验组 SF group |
|---|---|---|---|
| 瘦素 LEP/(ng/mL) | 10月 | 5.87±0.33 | 6.01±0.33 |
| 翌年4月 | 5.68±0.41 | 5.78±0.54 | |
| 脂联素 APN/(ng/mL) | 10月 | 39.33±0.46B | 41.05±1.07 |
| 翌年4月 | 44.91±1.28A | 43.06±1.46 | |
| 胰高血糖素 GLN/(pg/mL) | 10月 | 285.91±10.49B | 273.12±11.93B |
| 翌年4月 | 345.69±7.92aA | 305.86±13.20bA | |
| 胰岛素 INS/(mIU/L) | 10月 | 41.06±0.63bA | 48.43±0.99aA |
| 翌年4月 | 38.77±0.63B | 40.75±0.77B |
Table 6
Effects of annual seasonal differential feeding on serum growth-related hormone levels in yaks"
| 项目 Items | 阶段 Periods | 对照组 CON group | 试验组 SF group |
|---|---|---|---|
| 生长激素 GH/(ng/mL) | 10月 | 16.71±0.34b | 19.73±0.84a |
| 翌年4月 | 15.84±0.44b | 18.45±0.77a | |
| 胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ IGF-Ⅰ /(ng/mL) | 10月 | 366.79±10.65b | 431.36±12.96aA |
| 翌年4月 | 341.25±8.26b | 383.30±15.19aB | |
| 三碘甲状腺原氨酸 T3/(ng/mL) | 10月 | 6.78±0.30 | 6.47±0.35 |
| 翌年4月 | 6.55±0.29 | 7.10±0.34 | |
| 甲状腺素 T4/(nmol/L) | 10月 | 283.49±5.60 | 294.00±9.04 |
| 翌年4月 | 275.02±5.20 | 277.16±12.02 |
Table 7
Effects of annual seasonal differential feeding on yak breeding benefits"
| 指标 Items | 阶段 Periods | 对照组 CON group | 试验组 SF group |
|---|---|---|---|
| 增重收益 Weight earnings | 4~10月 | 2 148.48 | 3 289.60 |
| 10月~翌年1月 | -305.28 | 522.24 | |
| 翌年1~4月 | -540.16 | 1 217.92 | |
| 全年 | 1 303.04 | 5 029.76 | |
| 饲料成本 Feed cost | 4~10月 | — | 840.90 |
| 10月~翌年1月 | — | 702.98 | |
| 翌年1~4月 | — | 1 298.70 | |
| 全年 | — | 2 842.58 | |
| 养殖收益 Livestock farming income | 1 303.04 | 2 187.18 |
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