阿什旦牦牛的分子遗传多样性及群体遗传结构分析

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.08.025

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to explore the molecular genetic diversity and population genetic structure of Ashidan yak. 【Method】 Fifty-two Ashidan yaks (32 males and 20 females) were selected for the experiment，the sequences of their mitochondrial DNA D-loop (mtDNA D-loop) were amplified by PCR and sequenced.Based on nucleotide sequence variations,the maternal genetic diversity and population genetic structure of Ashidan yak were explored.PCR amplification and sequencing typing were performed on 32 Ashidan yak males using 5 Y-chromosome single nucleotide polymorphism (Y-SNP) markers (SRY4,USP9Y,UTY19,AMELY3 and OFD1Y10) and 1 Y-chromosome short tandem repeat (Y-STR) marker (INRA189)，to analyze the paternal genetic diversity and population structure composition. 【Result】 ①A total of 52 mtDNA D-loop sequences of Ashidan yak were obtained by PCR amplification and sequencing,with a length of 617-618 bp.49 SNPs were detected through comparative analysis,including 6 single polymorphic sites and 43 parsimony information sites.29 haplotypes were determined based on the nucleotide variations between sequences in the D-loop region.Maternal genetic diversity analysis showed that the haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity of Ashidan yak were 0.954±0.017 and 0.018±0.009,respectively.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Ashidan yak was composed of two maternal genetic lineages,MT-Ⅰ and MT-Ⅱ.MT-Ⅰ was the dominant branch,consisting of haplogroups A (H5,H6,H11-H14,H16-H18,H24-H27 and H29),B (H1,H3,H15 and H23),and E (H2 and H28),accounting for 68.97%.MT-Ⅱ was composed of haplogroups C (H4,H7,H9 and H21) and D (H8,H10,H19,H20 and H22),accounting for 31.03%.②Based on the combined typing of Y-SNP and Y-STR markers,6 Y chromosome haplotypes (H1Y1,H2Y1,H6Y1,H8Y1,H9Y1 and H11Y2) were identified in Ashidan yak.Paternal genetic diversity analysis showed that the haplotype diversity of the Y chromosome in Ashidan yak was 0.742±0.049.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the 6 Y chromosome haplotypes of Ashidan yak were clustered into 2 paternal branches,Y1 and Y2,accounting for 65.62% and 34.38% respectively. 【Conclusion】 Ashidan yak had rich maternal and paternal genetic diversity,consisting of 2 maternal branches (MT-Ⅰ and MT-Ⅱ) and 2 paternal branches (Y1 and Y2),which was similar to the genetic structure composition of most yak breeds (populations) in China.

Key words: Ashidan yak; mtDNA D-loop region; Y-chromosome markers; genetic diversity; population structure

CLC Number:

S823.8^＋5

SHENG Xin, ZHENG Wenqian, LI Hongkang, CHEN Shengmei, LI Ruizhe, JING Jianwu, HU Guangwei, MA Zhijie. Analysis of Molecular Genetic Diversity and Population Genetic Structure of Ashidan Yak in China[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(8): 3767-3776.

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Analysis of Molecular Genetic Diversity and Population Genetic Structure of Ashidan Yak in China

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