不同蛋白质水平饲粮对牦牛瘤胃代谢的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.01.015

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of diets with different protein levels on growth performance and rumen metabolism regulation of yaks， so as to provide theoretical basis for feeding yaks with different diet protein levels. Method 20 healthy yaks with average body weight of （210.60±11.75） kg were selected for this trial. The comparable net energy level （7.73 and 7.65 MJ/kg）， were divided into 2 groups according to different protein levels （18.88% and 12.77%）： Low-protein diet group and high-protein diet group， each group consists of 10 heads. The trial period was 20 days and the formal period was 90 days. Then the growth performance and nutrient digestibility were measured， and the rumen fluid was collected for non-targeted metabolome analysis. Result After 90 days of fattening， the average daily gain of yaks in high protein diet group was extremely significantly higher than that in low protein diet group （P<0.01）. The crude protein digestibility and crude ash digestibility of yaks in high protein diet group was significantly or extremely significantly higher than that in low protein diet group （P<0.05 or P<0.01）. A total of 29 up-regulated and 28 down-regulated differential metabolites were screened by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry， and 287 up-regulated and 244 down-regulated differential metabolites were screened by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry， respectively. Analysis of the correlation of differential metabolites showed that 21 pairs of positively correlated and 18 pairs of negatively correlated metabolites. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that phenylalanine metabolism， tyrosine metabolism， vitamin B₆ metabolism， biosynthesis of ubiquinone and other terpenoid quinones， and riboflavin metabolism were more significant. Conclusion The average daily gain of yaks fed 18.88% crude protein and 7.65 MJ/kg net energy was significantly higher than that of 12.77% crude protein diet group， which could effectively shorten the fattening cycle and improve the level of rumen microbial metabolism of yaks.

Key words: yaks; protein levels; rumen metabolites; metabolomics

CLC Number:

S823.8⁺5

CHEN Ping, XIE Jianpeng, HE Zhenfu, WANG Fei. Effects of Diets with Different Protein Levels on Rumen Metabolism in Yaks[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2026, 53(1): 165-178.

Figures/Tables 9

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References 27

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项目 Items	组别 Groups
项目 Items	S4	S6
原料 Ingredients
全株玉米青贮 Whole corn silage	9.52	9.00
玉米秸秆揉丝草 Corn straw kneading grass	17.00	14.52
酒糟 Distillers’ grains	10.00	13.00
玉米 Corn	41.93	27.93
麸皮 Wheat bran	5.00	5.00
棉饼 Cottonseed meal	5.00	6.00
豆粕 Soybean meal	5.00	18.00
菜籽油 Rapeseed oil	2.50	2.50
食盐 NaCl	0.40	0.40
小苏打 NaHCO₃	1.00	1.00
预混料 Premix^①	2.65	2.65
合计 Total	100.00	100.00
营养成分 Nutrient components
综合净能 NE_mf/（MJ/kg）^②	7.73	7.65
粗蛋白质 CP	12.77	18.88
中性洗涤纤维 NDF	29.72	31.33
酸性洗涤纤维 ADF	18.81	20.86
钙 Ca	5.20	5.50
磷 P	4.30	4.70

项目	组别 Groups
Items	S4	S6
初始体重 IBW/kg	208.80±6.09	210.80±6.74
终末体重 FBW/kg	266.40±10.86	291.20±10.20
总增重 TWG/kg	57.60±4.77^B	80.40±3.46^A
平均日增重 ADG/kg	0.64±0.05^B	0.89±0.04^A
平均干物质采食量 ADMI/（kg/d）	5.89±0.09	5.98±0.10
料重比 F/G	8.74±1.15	7.58±0.56

项目 Items	组别 Groups
项目 Items	S4	S6
干物质 DM	74.13±2.59	79.16±4.09
粗蛋白质 CP	41.99±1.60^b	63.82±5.66^a
酸性洗涤纤维 ADF	63.67±7.31	77.45±2.97
中性洗涤纤维 NDF	68.41±7.32	79.39±2.56
粗纤维 CF	63.48±9.38	79.76±1.94
粗灰分 ASH	62.46±1.81^B	72.43±0.73^A
粗脂肪 EE	70.78±3.28	84.30±4.99

Effects of Diets with Different Protein Levels on Rumen Metabolism in Yaks

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