中国畜牧兽医 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (1): 1-14.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.01.001

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

基因编辑技术及其在猪育种中的应用研究进展

张寒冰(), 郭亚苹, 张家庆, 任巧玲, 陈俊峰, 刘付玖, 王璟(), 邢宝松()   

  1. 河南省农业科学院畜牧研究所,河南省畜禽繁育与营养调控重点实验室,河南省生猪种业工程研究中心,郑州 450002
  • 修回日期:2025-08-27 出版日期:2026-01-05 发布日期:2025-12-26
  • 通讯作者: 王璟,邢宝松 E-mail:z13783826050@163.com;wangjing@hnagri.org.cn;xingbaosong@hnagri.org.cn
  • 作者简介:张寒冰,E-mail:z13783826050@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1301200);河南省重点研发专项(251111110200);中央引导地方科技发展资金(Z20241471127);河南省农业科学院自主创新项目(2025ZC63);河南省农业科学院科技创新团队项目(2025TD37)

Research Progress on Gene Editing Technology and Its Application in Breeding of Pigs

ZHANG Hanbing(), GUO Yaping, ZHANG Jiaqing, REN Qiaoling, CHEN Junfeng, LIU Fujiu, WANG Jing(), XING Baosong()   

  1. Henan Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry,Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation,Institute of Animal Husbandry,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China
  • Revised:2025-08-27 Online:2026-01-05 Published:2025-12-26
  • Contact: WANG Jing, XING Baosong E-mail:z13783826050@163.com;wangjing@hnagri.org.cn;xingbaosong@hnagri.org.cn

摘要:

基因编辑是对基因组特定基因序列精准修饰以实现分子育种的重要工具。基因编辑技术的快速发展为猪的现代分子育种提供了新途径,显著提高了育种效率。该技术历经三代演进:①锌指核酸酶(zinc finger nuclease, ZFNs)和转录激活因子样效应物核酸酶(transcription activator-like effector nucleases,TALEN)奠定了靶向编辑基础,但存在操作复杂、成本高的缺陷;②成簇规则间隔回文重复序列(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats,CRISPR)系统实现突破,其中iGeoCas9通过结构改造将热稳定性与编辑活性提升百倍,小型化Cas蛋白优化递送效率;③碱基编辑器实现单碱基精准转换,引导编辑系统突破类型限制,支持自由碱基转换与小片段修饰。在猪育种中,该技术通过编辑基因改善肉品质、提升生长性能、优化繁殖效率及增强抗病能力,同时还实现了抗寒、环保等创新应用。相较于传统育种,基因编辑技术可缩短周期并保持遗传多样性,但面临编辑效率不足、脱靶风险及产业化壁垒。文章系统综述了基因编辑技术的发展与育种应用,旨在为优化编辑工具性能、建立产业化安全体系提供参考,从而推动技术创新,支撑猪育种技术进步及产业可持续发展。

关键词: 基因编辑; CRISPR; 猪; 育种

Abstract:

Gene editing is an important tool for precise modification of specific gene sequences in the genome to achieve molecular breeding. The rapid development of gene editing technology has provided a new approach for modern molecular breeding in pigs, significantly improving breeding efficiency. This technology has undergone three generations of evolution: ①Zinc finger nuclease (ZFNs) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) laid the foundation for targeted editing but had the drawbacks of complex operation and high cost. ②The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system made a breakthrough, among which iGeoCas9 improved thermal stability and editing activity by a hundredfold through structural modification, and the miniaturization of Cas protein optimized delivery efficiency. ③Base editors achieved precise single-base conversion, and the guide editing system broke through type limitations, supporting free base conversion and small fragment modification. In pig breeding, this technology improves meat quality, enhances growth performance, optimizes reproductive efficiency, and strengthens disease resistance, it also enables innovative applications such as cold resistance and environmental protection. Compared with traditional breeding, gene editing technology can shorten the cycle and maintain genetic diversity, but it faces challenges such as insufficient editing efficiency, off-target risks, and industrialization barriers. This article systematically reviews the gene editing technological development and breeding applications, aiming to provide references for optimizing the performance of editing tools and establishing a safe industrialization system, promoting technological innovation, and supporting the progress of pig breeding technology and the sustainable development of the industry.

Key words: gene editing; CRISPR; pigs; breeding

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