丽江猪SCARB2基因序列特征及组织表达分析

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.01.031

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的本研究旨在扩增丽江猪清道夫受体B族成员2（scavenger receptor class B member 2，SCARB2）基因序列并进行生物信息学分析，检测其在丽江猪各组织中的表达情况，为后续探究该基因的功能提供理论依据。方法采集6月龄丽江猪脂肪组织，参考GenBank中野猪（Sus scrofa）的SCARB2基因mRNA序列（登录号：NM_001244155.1）设计引物扩增SCARB2基因CDS区序列并测序，利用生物信息学软件分析SCARB2基因的序列特征和密码子偏好性，分析多个物种与丽江猪、中外猪种与丽江猪SCARB2基因序列的相似性并构建系统进化树，预测SCARB2蛋白理化性质和蛋白结构。使用实时荧光定量PCR检测SCARB2基因在2、4、6月龄丽江猪和6月龄杜洛克猪背部脂肪、心脏、肝脏、肺脏、肾脏等组织中的表达情况。结果丽江猪SCARB2基因CDS区序列总长为1 437 bp，编码478个氨基酸。丽江猪与山羊、绵羊、牛、马、大鼠、小鼠、人和原鸡的相似性分别为91.3%、91.2%、91.0%、89.8%、82.6%、82.5%、76.0%和66.0%；在6个地方猪种中，除巴马小型猪外，丽江猪与中国地方猪的相似性均为99.4%，与外种猪的相似性为99.1%~99.3%。系统进化树分析显示，丽江猪与野猪、牛、山羊、绵羊聚为一支，原鸡形成单独分支。丽江猪SCARB2蛋白属于亲水蛋白，有2个跨膜螺旋和1个信号肽切割位点，包含10个N-糖基化位点和39个磷酸化位点；其二级结构与三级结构均以无规则卷曲为主。SCARB2基因在6月龄丽江猪背部脂肪和肝脏组织中的表达量极显著高于其他组织（P<0.01）；随着月龄增长，SCARB2基因在丽江猪腹部脂肪、背部脂肪和肩部脂肪组织中的表达量逐渐升高，且在2、6月龄间达显著或极显著水平（P<0.05；P<0.01）；6月龄丽江猪背部脂肪组织中SCARB2基因表达量极显著高于杜洛克猪（P<0.01）。结论本研究成功扩增了丽江猪SCARB2基因序列并分析了其分子特征，其在皮下脂肪、肝脏和肺脏等多个组织中均有表达，且随月龄增长在皮下脂肪组织中的表达量呈显著增加。因此，SCARB2可作为研究丽江猪脂肪沉积性状的候选基因，研究结果可为进一步探究猪脂肪沉积的分子机制提供参考。

关键词: 丽江猪; SCARB2基因; 序列分析; 组织表达

Abstract:

Objective The aim of this study was to amplify the sequence of scavenger receptor class B member 2 （SCARB2） gene in Lijiang pigs and conduct bioinformatics analysis，and detect its expression in various tissues of Lijiang pigs， providing a theoretical basis for exploring the function of this gene in the future. Method Adipose tissues from 6-month-old Lijiang pigs were collected， the mRNA sequence of SCARB2 gene from wild boar （Sus scrofa） in GenBank （accession No.： NM_001244155.1） was be used as a reference sequence to design primers， the CDS region sequence of SCARB2 gene was amplified and sequenced， and bioinformatics analysis software was used to analyze the sequence characteristics and codon preferences of SCARB2 gene， the similarity of SCARB2 gene sequence between multiple species and Lijiang pigs， as well as between domestic and foreign pig breeds and Lijiang pigs， was analyzed，and the phylogenetic tree was constructed. The physicochemical properties and protein structure of SCARB2 protein were predicted. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of SCARB2 gene in the back fat， heart， liver， lung， kidney， and other tissues of 2， 4， and 6-month-old Lijiang pigs and 6-month-old Duroc pigs. Result The total length of the CDS region sequence of SCARB2 gene in Lijiang pigs was 1 437 bp， encoding 478 amino acids. The homology between Lijiang pigs and Capra hircus， Ovis aries， Bos taurus， Equus caballus， Rattus norvegicus， Mus musculus， Homo sapiens and Gallus gallus was 91.3%， 91.2%， 91.0%， 89.8%， 82.6%， 82.5%， 76.0%， and 66.0%， respectively. Among 6 local pig breeds， except for Bama Miniature pigs， the similarity between Lijiang pigs and local pigs in China was 99.4%， and the similarity with foreign pigs ranged from 99.1% to 99.3%. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that Lijiang pigs were grouped with Sus scrofa， Bos taurus， Capra hircus and Ovis aries， while Gallus gallus form a separate branche. SCARB2 protein was a hydrophilic protein with 2 transmembrane helices， 1 signal peptide cleavage site， 10 N-glycosylation sites， and 39 phosphorylation sites. The secondary and tertiary structures were mainly characterized by random coil. The expression of SCARB2 gene in back fat and liver of 6-month-old Lijiang pigs was extremely significantly higher than that in other tissues （P<0.01）. With the age increasing， the expression of SCARB2 gene in abdominal fat， back fat and shoulder fat of Lijiang pigs showed a significant increase， reaching significant or extremely significant levels between 2 and 6 months of age （P<0.05 or P<0.01）. The expression in back fat of 6-month-old Lijiang pigs was extremely significantly higher than that of Duroc pigs （P<0.01）. Conclusion This study successfully amplified the SCARB2 gene sequence of Lijiang pigs and analyzed its molecular characteristics. SCARB2 gene was expressed in multiple tissues such as subcutaneous fat， liver， and lung， and its expression significantly increased with age in subcutaneous fat tissue. Therefore， SCARB2 could be used as a candidate gene for studying fat deposition traits in Lijiang pigs， and the results could further provide reference for studying the molecular mechanism of pig fat deposition.

Key words: Lijiang pigs; SCARB2 gene; sequence analysis; tissue expression

中图分类号:

S828

梁丙坤, 王镇, 刘子虞, 严达伟, 董新星, 朱家位. 丽江猪SCARB2基因序列特征及组织表达分析[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2026, 53(1): 343-358.

LIANG Bingkun, WANG Zhen, LIU Ziyu, YAN Dawei, DONG Xinxing, ZHU Jiawei. Sequence Characteristics and Tissue Expression of SCARB2 Gene in Lijiang Pigs[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2026, 53(1): 343-358.

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猪种 Pig breeds	月龄 Months	体重 Body weight/kg
丽江猪 Lijiang pigs	2	14.16±0.29
	4	35.00±2.00
	6	60.50±2.65
杜洛克猪 Duroc pigs	6	131.00±2.65

物种 Species	Ensembl基因ID Ensembl gene ID	物种 Species	GenBank登录号 GenBank accession No.
八眉猪 Bamei pigs	ENSSSCT00050095439.1	欧亚野猪 Sus scrofa	NM_001244155.1
巴马小型猪 Bama Miniature pigs	ENSSSCT00085059484.1	人 Homo sapiens	NM_001204255.2
藏猪 Tibetan pigs	ENSSSCT00015058019.1	大鼠 Rattus norvegicus	NM_054001.2
金华猪 Jinhua pigs	ENSSSCT00060020456.1	小鼠 Mus musculus	NM_007644.4
梅山猪 Meishan pigs	ENSSSCT00040096134.1	牛 Bos taurus	NM_001102153.1
五指山猪 Wuzhishan pigs	ENSSSCT00005062544.1	山羊 Capra hircus	XM_005681792.3
奥赛博小型猪 Ossabaw Miniature pigs	ENSSSCT00130033168.1	绵羊 Ovis aries	XM_015096290.3
巴克夏猪 Berkshire pigs	ENSSSCT00065107117.1	原鸡 Gallus gallus	XM_420593.8
大白猪 Large White pigs	ENSSSCT00025026478.1	马 Equus caballus	XM_023637936.1
杜洛克猪 Duroc pigs	ENSSSCT00090022610.1	兔 Oryctolagus cuniculus	XM_002717104.4
汉普夏猪 Hampshire pigs	ENSSSCT00035105054.1	犬 Canis lupus familiaris	XM_038443859.1
皮特兰猪 Pietran pigs	ENSSSCT00055016304.1
长白猪 Landrace pigs	ENSSSCT00045022417.1

在线软件 Online software	网址 Website	用途 Application
OFR Finder	https：//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/orffinder/	开放阅读框（ORF）分析
BLAST	https：//blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi	相似性比对
ProtParam	https：//web.expasy.org/protparam/	理化性质分析
ProtScale	https：//web.expasy.org/protscale/	亲/疏水性预测
SignalP 5.0	https：//services.healthtech.dtu.dk/service.php？SignalP-5.0	信号肽预测
TMHMM 2.0	https：//services.healthtech.dtu.dk/service.php？TMHMM-2.0	跨膜结构预测
NetNGlyc 1.0	https：//services.healthtech.dtu.dk/services/NetNGlyc-1.0/	糖基化位点预测
NetPhos 3.1	https：//services.healthtech.dtu.dk/service.php？NetPhos-3.1	磷酸化位点预测
PSORT Ⅱ	https：//www.genscript.com/psort.html	亚细胞定位预测
STRING 12.0	https：//string-db.org/	互作网络预测
SOPMA	https：//npsa-pbil.ibcp.fr/cgi-bin/npsa_automat.pl？page=npsa_sopma.html	二级结构预测
SWISS-MODEL	https：//swissmodel.expasy.org/	三级结构预测

基因 Genes	引物序列 Primer sequences （5′→3′）	产物长度 Product length/bp
SCARB2	F：AAGTCGCCTGAAGTCTGTGG	145
	R：GTCTGCAGTTCCCTCATCCA	145
GAPDH	F：GACATCAAGAAGGTGGTGAAGCA	177
	R：GTCGTACCAGGAAATGAGCTTGA	177

物种 Species	密码子适应指数 CAI	有效密码子数 ENc	密码子偏好性指数 CBI	最佳密码子使用频率 FOP	GC	GC3s
丽江猪 Lijiang pigs	0.216	53.30	0.043	0.436	0.482	0.577
野猪 Sus scrofa	0.220	53.19	0.047	0.438	0.479	0.568
人 Homo sapiens	0.204	54.71	-0.017	0.407	0.466	0.516
大鼠 Rattus norvegicus	0.209	53.79	-0.003	0.414	0.471	0.555
小鼠 Mus musculus	0.211	54.06	0.025	0.427	0.474	0.570
牛 Bos taurus	0.140	52.83	-0.053	0.373	0.469	0.448
山羊 Capra hircus	0.214	52.77	0.027	0.432	0.461	0.527
绵羊 Ovis aries	0.218	52.55	0.043	0.441	0.460	0.527
原鸡 Gallus gallus	0.219	54.46	-0.037	0.386	0.450	0.438
马 Equus caballus	0.196	52.67	0.009	0.418	0.467	0.543
兔 Oryctolagus cuniculus	0.221	49.86	0.081	0.459	0.517	0.660
犬 Canis lupus familiaris	0.200	52.55	-0.018	0.406	0.455	0.516