中国畜牧兽医 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (1): 15-26.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.01.002

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

单细胞测序技术在畜禽遗传育种中的应用研究进展

柴圆1,2(), 包成林1,2, 张玲艳1,2, 宫淑艳1,2, 齐澈力木格1,2, 鲍艳春3,4, 朱蒙1,2, 曹赛1,2, 李建功1,2, 于国杰1,2, 林靖凯1,2, 张文广3,4,5()   

  1. 1.兴安职业技术大学现代畜牧业工程与技术系,兴安盟 137400
    2.现代畜牧业内蒙古自治区产业技术工程化中心,兴安盟 137400
    3.内蒙古农业大学动物科学学院,呼和浩特 010018
    4.内蒙古自治区农业基因组大数据工程研究中心,呼和浩特 010018
    5.内蒙古农业大学生命科学学院,呼和浩特 010018
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-10 出版日期:2026-01-05 发布日期:2025-12-27
  • 通讯作者: 张文广 E-mail:m15248089421@163.com;atcgnmbi@aliyun.com
  • 作者简介:柴圆,E-mail:m15248089421@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2023QN03026);兴安职业技术学院青年科技英才支持项目(2023530);国家自然科学基金项目(32460817);内蒙古农业大学双一流建设资金(CG202423);内蒙古农业大学双一流建设资金(CG202410);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2021ZD05)

Research Progress on the Application of Single-cell Sequencing Technology in Livestock and Poultry Genetic Breeding

CHAI Yuan1,2(), BAO Chenglin1,2, ZHANG Lingyan1,2, GONG Shuyan1,2, QI Chelimuge1,2, BAO Yanchun3,4, ZHU Meng1,2, CAO Sai1,2, LI Jiangong1,2, YU Guojie1,2, LIN Jingkai1,2, ZHANG Wenguang3,4,5()   

  1. 1.Department of Modern Animal Husbandry Engineering and Technology,Xing’an Polytechnic University,Xing’an 137400,China
    2.Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Modern Husbandry,Xing’an 137400,China
    3.College of Animal Science and Technology,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China
    4.Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Genomic Big Data for Agriculture,Hohhot 010018,China
    5.College of Life Sciences,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China
  • Received:2025-04-10 Online:2026-01-05 Published:2025-12-27
  • Contact: ZHANG Wenguang E-mail:m15248089421@163.com;atcgnmbi@aliyun.com

摘要:

细胞是构成生物体的基本单位,具有独特的发育轨迹和分子特征。单细胞测序技术作为一种高效的细胞层面遗传信息解析方法,可对基因组、转录组、蛋白质组、代谢组及表观遗传组进行测序,并支持多组学联合测序等整合分析策略,精准捕捉单个细胞的分子特征。该技术突破传统群体细胞研究的局限,已成为解析动物细胞分子调控机制和细胞命运转换轨迹的有力工具,为动物遗传育种研究提供了新视角。文章聚焦于5种单细胞测序技术——单细胞转录组测序技术、单细胞基因组测序技术、单细胞表观基因组测序技术、单细胞蛋白质组学测序技术、单细胞代谢组学测序技术,系统阐述了这些技术的发展历程和原理,并进一步探讨了单细胞测序技术在畜禽遗传育种中的应用研究进展,以期为后续畜禽遗传育种研究提供参考。

关键词: 单细胞测序; 多组学; 畜禽遗传育种

Abstract:

Cells are the fundamental units that make up living organisms, possessing unique developmental trajectories and molecular features. Single cell sequencing technology, as an efficient method for analyzing genetic information at the cellular level, can sequence the genome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, and epigenetics, and support integrated analysis strategies such as multi-omics sequencing to accurately capture the molecular characteristics of individual cells. This technology breaks through the limitations of traditional population cell research, and has become a powerful tool for analyzing the molecular regulatory mechanisms and cell fate transition trajectories of animal cells, providing a new perspective for animal genetics breeding. The artical focuses on five single-cell sequencing technologies—Single-cell RNA sequencing, single-cell DNA sequencing, single-cell epigenome sequencing, single-cell proteomics sequencing, and single-cell metabolomics sequencing, systematically elaborates on the developmental history and underlying principles, and discusses in depth the application cases of single-cell sequencing technology in livestock and poultry genetic breeding, aiming to provide a theoretical reference for subsequent research in this field.

Key words: single cell sequencing; multi-omics; livestock and poultry genetic breeding

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