不同组学测序技术在动物遗传育种中的研究与应用

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.11.025

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于不同组学测序的研究对动物遗传育种的发展有着重要的意义。通过深入挖掘测序数据，不仅能够深化对物种的认识，了解调控机制，还能为育种和生产实践提供科学指导。文章介绍了基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学、表观基因组学及单细胞转录组学等测序发展的历程，分析了当前主流的组学研究方法及其优缺点；简述了不同组学的研究技术及其应用软件，为相关研究人员提供思路及借鉴；探讨了单一组学及多组学联合分析在动物遗传育种中的应用，剖析研究思路与流程，并提出可行的多组学整合策略，以期为多组学研究提供理论参考。此外，文章还分析了当前多组学技术面临的挑战，并对未来的发展方向提出建议。总体而言，多组学联合分析能够整合基因组、转录组、表观基因组等多层次数据，深入解析生物系统的复杂机制，为精准育种与个性化改良提供科学依据，加速动物遗传育种研究的发展，是未来重要的研究方向。

关键词: 多组学; 测序; 选育; 群体遗传

Abstract: Research based on various omics sequencing technologies plays a critical role in advancing animal genetics and breeding.By systematically analyzing sequencing data,it is possible to gain deeper insights into species biology,regulatory mechanisms,and genetic architecture,thereby providing a scientific basis for breeding and production practices.This review summarizes the development of sequencing technologies across genomics,transcriptomics,proteomics,metabolomics,epigenomics,and single-cell transcriptomics,while critically evaluating the strengths and limitations of current omics methodologies.Different omics research techniques and associated software tools are outlined,offering valuable references for researchers in the field.The application of both single-omics and integrative multi-omics approaches in animal genetics and breeding is discussed,the research ideas and processes are analyzed,and the feasible multi-omics integration strategies have been proposed to provide theoretical references for multi-omics research.Furthermore,the current challenges associated with multi-omics research are examined,and potential future directions are proposed.Overall,multi-omics integration facilitates a comprehensive understanding of biological systems by incorporating genomic,transcriptomic,and epigenomic data.This approach provides a robust foundation for precision breeding and targeted genetic improvement,accelerating progress in animal genetics and breeding while establishing multi-omics research as a key direction for future exploration.

Key words: multi-omics; sequencing; breeding; population genetics

中图分类号:

S831

钟梓奇, 谢鑫峰, 王子轶, 潘德优, 苏之青, 范津玮, 肖倩. 不同组学测序技术在动物遗传育种中的研究与应用[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(11): 5287-5298.

ZHONG Ziqi, XIE Xinfeng, WANG Ziyi, PAN Deyou, SU Zhiqing, FAN Jinwei, XIAO Qian. Research and Application of Various Omics Sequencing Technologies in Animal Genetic Breeding[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(11): 5287-5298.

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