Abstract:

Ticks， as significant ectoparasites of dogs， can spread various zoonotic diseases， such as Lyme disease and babesiosis， posing a serious threat to public health. At present， insecticides are the main means to control ticks， but the long-term use has led to an increase in the resistance of ticks and has also caused environmental pollution problems. Therefore， it is urgent to develop safer and more effective prevention and control measures. The canine anti-tick vaccine has a broad application potential as it interferes with the feeding， reproduction and attachment functions of ticks through specific antibodies. The research has found that multiple candidate proteins （such as Bm86， ATAQ， SUB， TIM， HK， LIP， FER1， FER2， P0， 64TRP， AQP， L7LTU1 and GST） can serve as vaccine antigens， reducing the reproduction and infection ability of ticks by decreasing tick numbers， weight， and oviposition. However， the cross-protection effect of the existing antigens against various ticks is still not satisfactory， and the application effect in dogs still needs further verification. Future research should focus on canine vaccine trials， develop more candidate protective antigens， utilize new technologies such as vaccine genomics and quantum vaccine genomics to enhance vaccine efficacy， and combine with breeding management， rational use of pesticides and anti-tick vaccines to form a comprehensive prevention and control system.The author summarized the various types of ticks and their hazards to the health of dogs and humans， reviewed the application of insecticides in tick control and its limitations， and focused on analyzing the current research status of canine tick vaccines.

Key words: dog; tick; vaccine; candidate antigen