中国畜牧兽医 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (1): 224-232.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.01.020

• 营养与饲料 • 上一篇    下一篇

饲粮中添加虾青素对热应激条件下母兔繁殖性能、抗氧化能力及其仔兔生长的影响

张超萍1,2(), 赖美菲1,2, 张舜语1,2, 李子胥1,2, 高宇阳1,2, 吴英杰1,2, 刘宁1,2(), 秦应和1,2()   

  1. 1.中国农业大学动物科学技术学院,畜禽营养与饲养全国重点实验室,北京 100193
    2.中国农业大学动物科学技术学院,畜禽育种国家工程实验室,北京 100193
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-18 出版日期:2026-01-05 发布日期:2025-12-26
  • 通讯作者: 刘宁,秦应和 E-mail:15367604623@163.com;dadaliu@cau.edu.cn;qinyinghe@cau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:张超萍,E-mail:15367604623@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2025TC011);十四五重点研发计划(2023YFD1302005);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-43)

Effects of Dietary Astaxanthin on Reproductive Performance, Antioxidant Capacity of Female Rabbits and Growth of Suckling Rabbits

ZHANG Chaoping1,2(), LAI Meifei1,2, ZHANG Shunyu1,2, LI Zixu1,2, GAO Yuyang1,2, WU Yingjie1,2, LIU Ning1,2(), QIN Yinghe1,2()   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding,College of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China
    2.National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding,College of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China
  • Received:2025-04-18 Online:2026-01-05 Published:2025-12-26
  • Contact: LIU Ning, QIN Yinghe E-mail:15367604623@163.com;dadaliu@cau.edu.cn;qinyinghe@cau.edu.cn

摘要:

目的 本研究旨在探究虾青素(astaxanthin,AST)在热应激条件下对母兔繁殖性能、抗氧化能力及其仔兔生长的影响,并筛选AST的适宜添加量。 方法 选取240只体重相近的2~3胎健康新西兰母兔,随机分为4组,分别为对照组(基础饲粮)、AST5组(基础饲粮+5 mg/kg AST)、AST15组(基础饲粮+15 mg/kg AST)和AST25组(基础饲粮+25 mg/kg AST)。试验自母兔人工授精前6 d开始至产后35 d仔兔断奶结束,共计72 d。试验期间记录兔舍内温度和相对湿度并计算温湿度指数(temperature-humidity index,THI),记录不同时期母兔采食量,测定母兔的繁殖性能,检测血清抗氧化指标及血清雌二醇(estradiol,E2)、孕酮(progesterone,P)和促乳素(prolactin,PRL)含量,并测定仔兔的生长性能。 结果 试验期间THI≥27.8的热应激天数占比63%(≥50%),达到热应激条件。与对照组相比,①AST25组母兔各时期采食量均显著提高(P<0.05),母兔的受胎率和分娩率均显著提高(P<0.05);母兔采食量和其余繁殖性能指标在各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。②AST15和AST25组的母兔血清中丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05),超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性显著提高(P<0.05),且AST25组血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)活性显著提高(P<0.05);母兔血清过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性在各组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。③AST25组母兔妊娠15 d血清E2含量极显著降低(P<0.01),产后21 d血清PRL含量显著提高(P<0.05);3个试验组母兔妊娠15 d血清P含量均显著降低(P<0.05);④AST5组7、14 d窝均仔兔数显著提高(P<0.05),AST15组14 d窝均仔兔数显著提高(P<0.05),AST25组14、21和35 d仔兔窝重和窝均仔兔数均显著提高(P<0.05);仔兔其他生长性能指标在各组间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。 结论 在本试验热应激条件下,饲粮中添加AST可通过提高抗氧化能力改善母兔的繁殖性能及其仔兔的生长,AST适宜添加量为25 mg/kg。

关键词: 虾青素; 兔; 热应激; 繁殖性能; 抗氧化能力

Abstract:

Objective The study aimed to investigate the effects of astaxanthin (AST) on reproductive performance, antioxidant capacity of female rabbits and the growth of offspring under heat stress conditions, as well as to screen optimal dosage of AST in diet. Method A total of 240 New Zealand female rabbits with similar body weight and parity (2-3) were randomly divided into four groups: Control group (basal diet), AST5 group (basal diet+5 mg/kg AST), AST15 group (basal diet+15 mg/kg AST) and AST25 group (basal diet+25 mg/kg AST). The test started from 6 d before female rabbits mating artificially to the 35 d postpartum (weaning of suckling rabbits), which lasted for 72 d. During the experiment, the environmental temperature and relative humidity in the rabbit house were monitored and recorded to calculate the temperature-humidity index (THI). Feed intake of female rabbits at different pregnant stages, the reproductive performance, serum antioxidant capacity and the concentrations of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P) and prolactin (PRL), and growth performance of the offspring were determined. Result 63%(≥50%) of the experimental period was under heat stress conditions (THI≥27.8), which achieved conditions of heat stress. Compared with control group, ①Female rabbits in AST25 group had higher average feed intake at all stages (P<0.05). Conception rate and litter rate in AST25 group were significantly improved (P<0.05). The feed intake and other reproductive performance of does showed no significant difference between groups. ②Serum concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in AST15 and AST25 groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly enhanced (P<0.05). Furthermore, higher activity of serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was observed in AST25 group (P<0.05). The activity of catalase (CAT) in serum showed no significant difference among the groups (P>0.05). ③Moreover, reduced serum estradiol level at 15 d of gestation (P<0.01) and enhanced serum prolactin level at 21 d postpartum (P<0.05) were observed in AST25 group. Serum progesterone levels at 15 d of gestation in the all experimental groups were significantly reduced (P<0.05). ④Additionally, the average number of kits per litter at 7 and 14 d in AST5 group, at 14 d in AST15 group, at 14, 21 and 35 d in AST25 group were all increased (P<0.05), and the litter weight in AST25 group was increased (P<0.05). The other growth performance indicators of kits showed no significant difference among the groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Under the heat stress conditions in this experiment, adding AST to the diet could improve the reproductive performance of female rabbits and the growth of their offspring by enhancing their antioxidant capacity. The appropriate amount of AST added was 25 mg/kg.

Key words: astaxanthin; rabbits; heat stress; reproductive performance; antioxidant capacity

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