中国畜牧兽医 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (1): 127-135.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.01.012

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

犬抗蜱疫苗研究进展

杨丰利(), 刘雨双, 孙静, 喻俊皓, 万春云()   

  1. 长江大学动物科学技术学院,荆州 434025
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-07 出版日期:2026-01-05 发布日期:2025-12-26
  • 通讯作者: 万春云 E-mail:fengli168@qq.com;11501661@qq.com
  • 作者简介:杨丰利,E-mail:fengli168@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    2023年度兰州市科技局科学研究项目(2023-RC-3)

Research Progress of Canine Anti-tick Vaccines

YANG Fengli(), LIU Yushuang, SUN Jing, YU Junhao, WAN Chunyun()   

  1. College of Animal Science and Technology,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,China
  • Received:2025-05-07 Online:2026-01-05 Published:2025-12-26
  • Contact: WAN Chunyun E-mail:fengli168@qq.com;11501661@qq.com

摘要:

蜱作为犬类重要的体外寄生虫,可传播多种人兽共患病,如莱姆病和巴贝斯虫病等,对公共卫生构成严重威胁。目前,杀虫剂是防控蜱虫的主要手段,但长期使用导致蜱的抗药性增加,且会带来环境污染问题。因此,亟需开发更安全、有效的防控措施。犬抗蜱疫苗通过特异性抗体干扰蜱的摄食、生殖和附着功能,具有广阔的应用前景。研究发现,多种候选蛋白(如Bm86、ATAQ、SUB、TIM、HK、LIP、FER1、FER2、P0、64TRP、AQP、L7LTU1和GST等)可作为疫苗抗原,通过减少蜱的数量、体重、产卵量等方式降低蜱的繁殖和感染能力。然而,现有抗原对多种蜱的交叉保护效果仍不理想,且在犬中的应用效果尚需进一步验证。未来研究应聚焦于犬的疫苗接种试验,开发更多候选保护抗原,利用疫苗组学和量子疫苗组学等新技术提高疫苗效力,并结合饲养管理、合理使用杀虫剂和抗蜱疫苗,形成综合防控体系。笔者概括了蜱的种类及其对犬和人类健康的危害,回顾了杀虫剂在蜱防控中的应用及其局限性,并重点分析了犬抗蜱疫苗的研究现状。

关键词: 犬; 蜱; 疫苗; 候选抗原

Abstract:

Ticks, as significant ectoparasites of dogs, can spread various zoonotic diseases, such as Lyme disease and babesiosis, posing a serious threat to public health. At present, insecticides are the main means to control ticks, but the long-term use has led to an increase in the resistance of ticks and has also caused environmental pollution problems. Therefore, it is urgent to develop safer and more effective prevention and control measures. The canine anti-tick vaccine has a broad application potential as it interferes with the feeding, reproduction and attachment functions of ticks through specific antibodies. The research has found that multiple candidate proteins (such as Bm86, ATAQ, SUB, TIM, HK, LIP, FER1, FER2, P0, 64TRP, AQP, L7LTU1 and GST) can serve as vaccine antigens, reducing the reproduction and infection ability of ticks by decreasing tick numbers, weight, and oviposition. However, the cross-protection effect of the existing antigens against various ticks is still not satisfactory, and the application effect in dogs still needs further verification. Future research should focus on canine vaccine trials, develop more candidate protective antigens, utilize new technologies such as vaccine genomics and quantum vaccine genomics to enhance vaccine efficacy, and combine with breeding management, rational use of pesticides and anti-tick vaccines to form a comprehensive prevention and control system.The author summarized the various types of ticks and their hazards to the health of dogs and humans, reviewed the application of insecticides in tick control and its limitations, and focused on analyzing the current research status of canine tick vaccines.

Key words: dog; tick; vaccine; candidate antigen

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