中国畜牧兽医 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (1): 119-126.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.01.011

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

羊体细胞核移植技术研究进展及其应用

华再东1(), 陈盈1, 张年1, 郭帅2, 熊琪1()   

  1. 1.湖北省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所/动物胚胎工程及分子育种湖北省重点实验室,武汉 430064
    2.武汉纽利特生物技术有限公司,武汉 430064
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-27 出版日期:2026-01-05 发布日期:2025-12-26
  • 通讯作者: 熊琪 E-mail:zaidonghua@163.com;phenixxq@163.com
  • 作者简介:华再东,E-mail:zaidonghua@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    湖北省国际科技合作项目(2024EHA020);湖北省支持种业高质量发展资金项目(HBZY2023B008);湖北省农业科技创新中心项目(2024-620-000-001-020)

Research Progress and Application of Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Technology in Sheep

HUA Zaidong1(), CHEN Ying1, ZHANG Nian1, GUO Shuai2, XIONG Qi1()   

  1. 1.Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering and Molecular Breeding,Hubei Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064,China
    2.Wuhan NEWLIT Biotechnology Co. ,Ltd. ,Wuhan 430064,China
  • Received:2025-05-27 Online:2026-01-05 Published:2025-12-26
  • Contact: XIONG Qi E-mail:zaidonghua@163.com;phenixxq@163.com

摘要:

体细胞核移植(somatic cell nuclear transfer, SCNT)技术作为20世纪发育生物学领域的重大突破,其里程碑式成果是首例克隆哺乳动物多利羊的诞生,开创了哺乳动物克隆技术的新纪元。该技术通过将高度分化的体细胞核移植至去核卵母细胞,利用卵胞质重编程能力实现细胞核重编程,最终发育为遗传背景一致的完整个体。笔者系统综述了克隆羊研究的科学历程、关键技术优化及其重要应用价值,重点叙述了供体细胞选择与处理、核移植效率提升策略、表观遗传重编程分子机制及卵母细胞微环境调控等核心科学问题的研究进展,并探讨了该技术在畜牧品种快速扩繁、濒危物种保护、人类疾病模型构建以及治疗性克隆等生物医学领域的应用前景,进一步对未来技术发展方向进行展望,以期为SCNT技术的深入研究与产业化应用提供理论和实践参考。

关键词: 绵羊; 体细胞核移植; 核重编程; 表观遗传调控

Abstract:

The somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology, as a significant breakthrough in the field of developmental biology in the 20th century, its landmark achievement was the birth of the first cloned mammal Dolly, which marked a new era in mammalian cloning technology.This technology accomplishes complete nuclear reprogramming through the transplantation of a differentiated somatic cell nucleus into an enucleated oocyte, ultimately producing genetically identical organisms. The author systematically reviewed the scientific history, key technological optimizations, and significant application values of sheep cloning research. It focus on pivotal scientific issues such as the selection of donot cells, strategies for improving nuclear transfer efficiency, the molecular mechanisms of epigenetic reprogramming, and the regulation of the oocyte microenvironment. The study also evaluates the technology’s potential across biomedical domains such as accelerated livestock breeding, endangered species preservation, human disease model construction, and therapeutic cloning. Concluding with informed deliberations on future technological trends, this review aims to furnish a framework for both theoretical investigation and the industrial utilization of SCNT.

Key words: sheep; somatic cell nuclear transfer; nuclear reprogramming; epigenetic regulation

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