饲粮纤维水平和食糜收集期对生长猪回肠食糜消化酶活性、养分流量和短链脂肪酸组分的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.07.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】本研究旨在探究饲粮纤维水平和食糜收集期对生长猪回肠食糜消化酶活性、养分流量和短链脂肪酸组成和含量的影响。【方法】采用单因素完全随机设计，选用18头回肠末端安装T型瘘管的荷术猪，将荷术猪随机分成3个处理，每个处理6头猪，各处理组猪分别饲喂对照饲粮、10%苜蓿纤维饲粮和20%苜蓿纤维饲粮。试验分两个收集期采集回肠食糜样品(每期10 d)，分别测定食糜中淀粉酶、脂肪酶、胰蛋白酶和胰凝乳蛋白酶等消化酶活性，分析养分流量和测定短链脂肪酸含量。【结果】 ①生长猪回肠食糜pH随着饲粮纤维水平的升高而升高，各组间差异极显著(P＜0.01)。高纤维组生长猪回肠食糜淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶的活性均显著低于其他饲粮组(P＜0.05)。收集期对回肠食糜pH和4种消化酶的活性均无显著影响(P＞0.05)。②与对照组相比，2个试验组生长猪回肠总碳水化合物和酸性洗涤纤维流量均极显著增加(P＜0.01)，粗脂肪流量均极显著降低(P＜0.01)。收集期对生长猪回肠养分和能量流量均无显著影响(P＞0.05)。③高纤维组生长猪回肠中乙酸、戊酸和总短链脂肪酸的含量显著高于其他处理组(P＜0.05)。随着试验收集期延长，回肠食糜丙酸、戊酸和总短链脂肪酸浓度极显著增加(P＜0.01)。【结论】高纤维饲粮降低了生长猪回肠消化酶活性，增加了回肠碳水化合物、纤维和总短链脂肪酸的流量。收集期不影响生长猪回肠消化酶活性和养分流量，但随着生长猪采食纤维饲粮的时间延长，回肠发酵能力增强。

关键词: 饲粮纤维; 消化酶; 养分流量; 短链脂肪酸; 猪

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary fiber levels and digesta collection periods on ileal digesta digestive enzyme activities,nutrient flow,and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) composition and content in growing pigs. 【Method】 A single-factor completely randomized design was employed,with 18 pigs fitted with T-cannulas at the terminal ileum randomly assigned to three treatments (6 pigs per treatment).The treatments included a control diet,a 10% alfalfa fiber diet,and a 20% alfalfa fiber diet.Ileal digesta samples were collected over two 10-day periods to determine activities of amylase,lipase,trypsin,and chymotrypsin,analyze nutrient flow,and measure SCFA content. 【Result】 ①The ileal digesta pH in growing pigs increased significantly with elevated dietary fiber levels,and the differences between groups were extremely significant (P＜0.01).The activities of amylase,trypsin,and chymotrypsin in the ileal digesta of growing pigs in high fiber group were significantly lower than those in other dietary groups (P＜0.05).Collection periods had no significant effects on ileal pH or the four digestive enzymes (P＞0.05).②Compared with the control group,the total carbohydrate and acid detergent fiber flow in the ileum of growing pigs in both experimental groups increased significantly (P＜0.01),while the crude fat flow decreased significantly (P＜0.01).Collection periods did not affect nutrient or energy flow in the ileum (P＞0.05).③The contents of acetic acid,valeric acid,and total SCFAs in the ileal digesta of growing pigs in the high fiber group were significantly higher than those in the other treatment groups (P＜0.05).As the collection period of the experiment extended,the concentrations of propionic acid,valeric acid,and total SCFAs in ileal digesta significantly increased (P＜0.01). 【Conclusion】 High-fiber diets reduced ileal digestive enzyme activities but increased ileal flows of carbohydrates,fiber,and total SCFAs in growing pigs.Collection periods did not influence digestive enzyme activities or nutrient flow,but extended fiber intake duration enhanced ileal fermentation capacity.

Key words: dietary fiber; digestive enzyme; nutrient flow; short chain fatty acid; pig

中图分类号:

S828.9⁺9

吴诗樵, 陈亮. 饲粮纤维水平和食糜收集期对生长猪回肠食糜消化酶活性、养分流量和短链脂肪酸组分的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(7): 3136-3144.

WU Shiqiao, CHEN Liang. Effects of Dietary Fiber Level and Digista Collection Period on Digestive Enzyme Activity, Nutrient Flow and Short-Chain Fatty Acid Composition in the Ileal Digesta of Growing Pigs[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(7): 3136-3144.

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