不同能量和蛋白质水平饲粮对雪山鸡种母鸡生产性能的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.07.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究不同能量和蛋白质水平饲粮对雪山鸡种母鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质和孵化性能的影响,明确其产蛋期适宜的饲粮能量和蛋白质水平。【方法】选取健康、体重相近的22周龄雪山鸡种母鸡3 150只，按3×3双因素试验设计，随机分为9组，3个能量水平(11.09、11.51、11.92 MJ/kg)和3个蛋白质水平(14.50%、15.50%、16.50%)，每组7个重复，每个重复50只鸡，试验期为14周。试验期内统计破蛋数、不合格蛋数、合格蛋数；试验结束时测定蛋品质相关指标，种蛋入孵，统计孵化性能。【结果】 ①饲粮能量和蛋白质水平对种蛋破蛋率有显著影响(P＜0.05)：22～25周龄时，随能量水平升高而下降，随蛋白质水平升高呈现先升高后下降的趋势；26～35周龄时，随能量水平升高而升高，随蛋白质水平升高而降低。饲粮能量和蛋白质水平对雪山鸡种母鸡产蛋性能各指标均无显著交互作用(P＞0.05)。②饲粮能量水平对种蛋蛋品质相关指标无显著影响(P＞0.05)；饲粮蛋白质水平对种蛋蛋形指数、蛋壳厚度有显著影响(P＜0.05)：低蛋白质组蛋形指数显著高于中蛋白质组(P＜0.05)，蛋壳厚度随蛋白质水平升高呈上升趋势。饲粮能量和蛋白质水平对雪山鸡种蛋蛋品质各指标均无显著交互作用(P＞0.05)。③饲粮能量水平对种母鸡入孵蛋孵化率、出雏率、受精蛋孵化率有显著影响(P＜0.05)：中能量组入孵蛋孵化率、出雏率显著高于低、高能量组(P＜0.05)；饲粮蛋白质水平对种蛋死胚率、受精蛋孵化率有显著影响(P＜0.05)：高蛋白质组死胚率显著高于中、低蛋白质组(P＜0.05)，中蛋白质组受精蛋孵化率显著高于低蛋白质组(P＜0.05)；饲粮能量和蛋白质水平对入孵蛋孵化率有显著交互作用(P＜0.05)。【结论】综合考虑雪山鸡种母鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质和孵化性能各项指标，推荐产蛋期雪山鸡种母鸡饲粮适宜能量水平为11.51 MJ/kg，蛋白质水平为16.50%。

关键词: 雪山鸡; 营养水平; 产蛋性能; 蛋品质; 孵化性能

Abstract: 【Objective】 The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of different energy and protein levels of diets on the egg-laying performance,egg quality and hatching performance of Snowy Mountain chicken breeder hens,and to clarify the appropriate energy and protein levels of diets during the laying period. 【Method】 3 150 healthy Snowy Mountain chicken breeder hens with similar body weight at 22 weeks of age were selected and randomly divided into 9 groups according to a 3×3 two-factor experimental design with 3 energy levels (11.09,11.51,and 11.92 MJ/kg) and 3 protein levels (14.50%,15.50%,and 16.50%),with 7 replicates in each group and 50 hens per replicate.The trial period was 14 weeks.The number of broken eggs,unqualified eggs and qualified eggs were counted during the test period,and at the end of the test,the relevant indexes of egg quality were measured, and the eggs were hatched,and hatching performance were determeared. 【Result】 ①Dietary energy and protein levels had a significant effect on the egg breaking rate of breeding eggs,at 22 to 25 weeks of age,it was decreased with the increase of energy level,and showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing with the increase of protein level,and at 26 to 35 weeks of age,it was increased with the increase of energy level,and decreased with the increase of protein level.There was no significant interaction between dietary energy and protein levels on indexes of egg-laying performance of Snowy Mountain chicken breeder hens (P＞0.05).② Dietary energy level had no significant effect on the indicators related to the quality of breeding eggs (P＞0.05).Dietary protein level had a significant effect on the egg shape index and egg shell thickness of breeding eggs (P＜0.05),and the egg shape index of the low protein group was significantly higher than that of the medium protein group (P＜0.05),and the egg shell thickness showed an increasing trend with the increase of protein level.There was no significant interaction between dietary energy and protein levels on indices of Snowy Mountain chicken breeding egg quality (P＞0.05).③Dietary energy level had a significant effect on the hatchability of incubated eggs,fledgling rate and fertilized egg hatchability of breeder hens (P＜0.05),and the hatchability of incubated eggs,fledgling rate of the medium energy group was significantly higher than those of the low and high energy groups (P＜0.05).Dietary protein level had a significant effect on the embryo death rate and fertilized egg hatchability of breeder hens (P＜0.05),and the embryo death rate of the high protein group was significantly higher than those of the medium and low protein groups (P＜0.05),and the fertilized egg hatching rate in the medium protein group was significantly higher than that in the low protein group (P＜0.05).There was a significant interaction between dietary energy and protein levels on the hatchability of incubated eggs (P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】 Considering all the indexes of laying performance,egg quality and hatching performance of Snowy Mountain chicken breeder hens,it was recommended that the appropriate energy level of Snowy Mountain chicken breeder hens during laying period should be 11.51 MJ/kg,and the protein level should be 16.50%.

Key words: Snowy Mountain chicken; nutrient level; laying performance; egg quality; hatching performance

中图分类号:

S816.1

陈万虹, 张梦玲, 杨文鹏, 朱沛霁, 贾代汉, 赵敏孟, 张军, 李军, 龚道清. 不同能量和蛋白质水平饲粮对雪山鸡种母鸡生产性能的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(7): 3145-3154.

CHEN Wanhong, ZHANG Mengling, YANG Wenpeng, ZHU Peiji, JIA Daihan, ZHAO Minmeng, ZHANG Jun, LI Jun, GONG Daoqing. Effect of Diets with Different Energy and Protein Levels on the Production Performance of Snowy Mountain Chicken Breeder Hens[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(7): 3145-3154.

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