不同净能水平饲粮对屯昌猪结肠微生物区系和短链脂肪酸组成的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.07.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究不同净能水平饲粮对屯昌猪结肠微生物区系及短链脂肪酸组成的影响。【方法】选取40头体重为10.00 kg±0.86 kg、体况相近的健康屯昌猪，随机分成4个饲粮处理组(分别为JC1、JC2、JC3和JC4组)，每组5个重复，每个重复2头猪。4个处理组分别提供净能水平为10.65、10.15、9.65和9.15 MJ/kg的试验饲粮。屯昌猪生长至25.00 kg左右时试验终止，试验期为42 d。试验结束当天，分别在每个重复里选取1头猪，收集结肠内容物用于肠道微生物区系分析和短链脂肪酸组成分析。【结果】 ①与JC3组相比，JC1、JC2和JC4组屯昌猪的终末体重和平均日增重均显著降低(P＜0.05)，料重比显著升高(P＜0.05)。②肠道菌群多样性分析显示，不同净能水平饲粮处理组间alpha多样性和beta多样性均存在显著差异(P＜0.05)。在门水平的结肠微生物组成上，与JC2组相比，JC1、JC3和JC4组螺旋体门的相对丰度显著降低(P＜0.05)；而与JC4组相比，JC2和JC3组放线菌门的相对丰度显著降低(P＜0.05)。在属水平的结肠微生物组成上，与JC3组相比，JC1、JC2和JC4组罗斯拜瑞氏菌属和粪球菌属的相对丰度均显著降低(P＜0.05)；且JC1和JC2组的瘤胃球菌属相对丰度也显著低于JC3组(P＜0.05)；此外，JC2组密螺旋体属的相对丰度显著高于其他3组(P＜0.05)。③结肠内容物短链脂肪酸代谢组分析显示，JC2组己酸含量显著高于JC3组(P＜0.05)，极显著高于JC4组(P＜0.01)；相比于JC1、JC2和JC4组，JC3组丁酸含量有升高趋势(0.05＜P＜0.10)。【结论】与净能水平推荐量10.15 MJ/kg(JC2)相比，降低饲粮净能水平至9.65 MJ/kg，可通过提高肠道微生物群的丰富度及有益菌的相对丰度改善短链脂肪酸的组成，从而促进屯昌猪生长性能的提升。

关键词: 净能; 屯昌猪; 结肠微生物; 短链脂肪酸

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary net energy levels on colonic microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid profiles in Tunchang pigs. 【Method】 Forty healthy Tunchang pigs,with an average body weight of 10.00 kg±0.86 kg and similar body condition,were randomly divided into four dietary treatment groups (JC1,JC2,JC3,and JC4),with 5 replicates per group and 2 pigs per replicate.The four treatment groups were provided experimental diets with net energy levels of 10.65,10.15,9.65,and 9.15 MJ/kg,respectively.The experiment was terminated when the pigs reached an average body weight of 25.00 kg,with a total experimental period of 42 days.At the end of the trial,one pig was selected from each replicate to collect cecal contents for gut microbiota analysis and short-chain fatty acid composition analysis. 【Result】 ①Compared with JC3 group,the final body weight and average daily gain were significantly lower (P＜0.05),the feed-to-gain ratio was significant higher (P＜0.05) of Tunchang pigs in JC1,JC2 and JC4 groups.②Analysis of the diversity of intestinal flora showed that there were significant differences in both alpha diversity and beta diversity among the groups treated with different net energy levels of rations (P＜0.05).At the phylum level of colonic microbiota composition,the relative abundance of Spirochaetes was significantly lower in JC1,JC3 and JC4 groups compared with JC2 group (P＜0.05),while the relative abundance of Actinobacteria was significantly lower in JC2 and JC3 groups compared with JC4 group (P＜0.05).At the genus level,the relative abundance of Roseburia and Coprococcus was significantly lower in JC1,JC2 and JC4 groups compared with JC3 group (P＜0.05),and the relative abundance of Ruminococcus was also significantly lower in JC1 and JC2 groups compared with JC3 group (P＜0.05).In addition,the relative abundance of Treponema in JC2 group was significantly higher than that in the other three groups (P＜0.05).③Metabolomic analysis of short-chain fatty acids in colon contents showed that the content of caproic acid was significantly higher in JC2 group than that in JC3 group (P＜0.05),and extremely significantly higher than JC4 group (P＜0.01).And butyric acid content had a tendency to be elevated in JC3 group compared with JC1,JC2 and JC4 groups (0.05＜P＜0.10). 【Conclusion】 Compared to the recommended net energy level of 10.15 MJ/kg (JC2), reducing the dietary net energy level to 9.65 MJ/kg could improve the composition of short-chain fatty acids by increasing the richness of the intestinal microbiota and the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria,thereby promoting the growth performance of Tunchang pigs.

Key words: net energy; Tunchang pig; colonic microbiota; short-chain fatty acids

中图分类号:

S815.1

郁希龙, 张小雨, 冀凤杰, 胡诚军, 彭维祺, 徐良梅, 吕仁龙, 武洪志. 不同净能水平饲粮对屯昌猪结肠微生物区系和短链脂肪酸组成的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(7): 3093-3103.

YU Xilong, ZHANG Xiaoyu, JI Fengjie, HU Chengjun, PENG Weiqi, XU Liangmei, LYU Renlong, WU Hongzhi. Effects of Diets with Different Net Energy Levels on Colon Microflora and Short-chain Fatty Acid Composition in Tunchang Pigs[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(7): 3093-3103.

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