中国畜牧兽医 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (2): 648-658.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.02.013

• 营养与饲料 • 上一篇    下一篇

利用蛋白质组学技术解析蛋白质组成对牛肉品质的影响机制

张正杰(), 冯胜楠, 陈海龙, 董苗苗, 李萍漾, 孟庆石()   

  1. 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,北京 100193
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-07 出版日期:2026-02-20 发布日期:2026-01-27
  • 通讯作者: 孟庆石 E-mail:1878507768@qq.com;mengqingshi@caas.cn
  • 作者简介:张正杰,E-mail: 1878507768@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1600105)

Using Proteomics Techniques to Analyze the Effect Mechanism by Which Protein Composition Affects Beef Quality

ZHANG Zhengjie(), FENG Shengnan, CHEN Hailong, DONG Miaomiao, LI Pingyang, MENG Qingshi()   

  1. Institute of Animal Science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China
  • Received:2025-08-07 Online:2026-02-20 Published:2026-01-27
  • Contact: MENG Qingshi E-mail:1878507768@qq.com;mengqingshi@caas.cn

摘要:

目的 基于蛋白质组学技术系统分析华西牛和平凉红牛牛肉中蛋白质组成以及游离氨基酸差异,旨在揭示牛肉中蛋白质组成与肉品质之间的关系。 方法 采用液相色谱-质谱技术对华西牛和平凉红牛牛肉中的蛋白质和游离氨基酸进行分离鉴定,通过主成分分析(PCA)、差异表达蛋白筛选及功能富集分析,解析不同品种牛肉中蛋白质组成特征,分析两者游离氨基酸含量差异。 结果 华西牛与平凉红牛肉质性状存在明显差异。华西牛与平凉红牛牛肉中共筛选出190个差异表达蛋白,其中华西牛肉中MYBPC2、MYL1和MYL11等蛋白相对丰度高于平凉红牛,而平凉红牛肉中MYH3、MYOZ2和PDLIM3等蛋白相对丰度高于华西牛。差异表达蛋白主要分布在线粒体、核糖体和丝状肌动蛋白等能量产生区域,参与肌肉收缩、肌动蛋白细胞骨架组织结构、呼吸链复合物Ⅰ组装等生物过程,具有肌动蛋白结合、核苷酸结合、醛脱氢酶活性和肌肉α-肌动蛋白结合等分子功能,与肉品质形成密切相关。华西牛与平凉红牛肉中甘氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、丝氨酸、酪氨酸、牛磺酸和色氨酸等多种游离氨基酸含量均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。 结论 肉中的肌细胞骨架蛋白、线粒体功能蛋白、代谢酶和游离氨基酸含量的差异是影响华西牛与平凉红牛肉品质的重要因素。

关键词: 牛肉; 蛋白质组学; 肉品质; 游离氨基酸

Abstract:

Objective This study aimed to systematically analyze the differences of protein composition and free amino acid profiles in beef between Huaxi cattle and Pingliang Red cattle based on proteomics techniques, aiming to reveal the relationship between proteins composition in beef and meat quality. Method Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed to separate and identify proteins and free amino acids of beef in Huaxi cattle and Pingliang Red cattle. Principal component analysis (PCA), differentially expressed protein screening and functional enrichment analysis were conducted to characterize the protein composition in beef from different breeds and analyze the differences of free amino acid contents between Huaxi cattle and Pingliang Red cattle. Result There was significant difference of meat quality trait between Huaxi cattle and Pingliang Red cattle. A total of 190 differentially expressed proteins were identified in beef of both cattle. Specifically, the relative abundances of proteins such as MYBPC2, MYL1 and MYL11 in beef were higher in Huaxi cattle compared with Pingliang Red cattle, whereas the relative abundances of proteins such as MYH3, MYOZ2 and PDLIM3 in Pingliang Red cattle were higher. The differentially expressed proteins were predominantly localized in energy-producing compartments such as mitochondria, ribosomes and filamentous actin, and participate in biological processes such as muscle contraction, actin cytoskeleton organization, and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex Ⅰ assembly. The molecular functions including actin binding, nucleotide binding, aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity, muscle alpha-actinin binding, etc. which were intimately associated with meat quality formation. Moreover, significant differences were observed in the contents of various free amino acids in beef between Huaxi cattle and Pingliang Red cattle, including glycine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, serine, tyrosine, taurine and tryptophan. Conclusion The disparities in the levels of myocyte cytoskeletal proteins, mitochondrial functional proteins, metabolic enzymes and free amino acids in beef were crucial factors influencing the meat quality in Huaxi cattle and Pingliang Red cattle.

Key words: beef; proteomics; meat quality; free amino acids

中图分类号: