中国畜牧兽医 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (2): 532-542.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.02.002

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

窦前卵泡体外培养在反刍动物中的研究进展

郭芷函1(), 李阳1, 王绍雄2, 韩志强1, 李肖1, 崔冰冰3, 吕洁4, 张光磊5, 徐超1()   

  1. 1.吉林农业大学动物科学技术学院,长春 130118
    2.北京农学院动物科学技术学院,北京 102206
    3.长春市双阳区兽药饲料监督检验所,长春 130618
    4.东丰县梅花鹿产业发展服务中心,辽源 136399
    5.敦化市畜牧业发展促进中心,敦化 133799
  • 修回日期:2025-10-08 出版日期:2026-02-20 发布日期:2026-01-28
  • 通讯作者: 徐超 E-mail:gzhtx0503@163.com;xcjlau@163.com
  • 作者简介:郭芷函,E-mail: gzhtx0503@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    吉林省梅花鹿产业技术体系(JLARS-2025-080203);吉林梅花鹿种质资源库(20250402004ZP)

Research Progress on in vitro Culture of Preantral Follicles in Ruminants

GUO Zhihan1(), LI Yang1, WANG Shaoxiong2, HAN Zhiqiang1, LI Xiao1, CUI Bingbing3, LYU Jie4, ZHANG Guanglei5, XU Chao1()   

  1. 1.College of Animal Science and Technology,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China
    2.College of Animal Science and Technology,Beijing University of Agriculture,Beijing 102206,China
    3.Veterinary Drug and Feed Supervision and Testing Institute,Changchun 130618,China
    4.Dongfeng Sika Deer Industry Development Service Center,Liaoyuan 136399,China
    5.Dunhua Animal Husbandry Development Promotion Center,Dunhua 133799,China
  • Revised:2025-10-08 Online:2026-02-20 Published:2026-01-28
  • Contact: XU Chao E-mail:gzhtx0503@163.com;xcjlau@163.com

摘要:

窦前卵泡是卵泡从静息状态向主动生长阶段转变的关键时期,在反刍动物卵巢中数量丰富,具有较高的发育潜能和重要的应用价值。随着体外生殖技术的发展,窦前卵泡体外培养作为一种辅助繁殖手段,已成为反刍动物生殖生物学研究的重要方向。该技术不仅有助于提高家畜繁殖效率,还为濒危物种的生殖资源保存与种群恢复提供了新的思路。然而,目前反刍动物窦前卵泡体外发育仍受多种因素制约,卵泡结构复杂、培养体系稳定性不足以及卵母细胞可育性较低等问题限制了其进一步应用。反刍动物窦前卵泡在体外条件下已可实现一定程度的生长与发育,部分研究获得了桑椹胚等早期胚胎,但整体成熟率和发育潜能仍有限。文章系统综述了反刍动物窦前卵泡的分离方法与体外培养体系,包括机械分离与酶解法、原位培养、二维培养与三维培养,并比较了不同方法和体系在卵泡完整性、适用性及发育效果方面的差异。未来研究应聚焦于分离方法标准化、培养体系优化以及卵泡长期存活与体外成熟机制的解析,以期建立更为高效和稳定的培养体系,推动该技术在家畜生产与濒危物种保护中的应用转化。

关键词: 反刍动物; 窦前卵泡; 体外培养; 分离技术

Abstract:

Preantral follicles represent a critical stage in the transition from follicular quiescence to active growth and are abundant in the ovaries of ruminants, possessing high developmental potential and significant application value. With the advancement of reproductive biotechnology, in vitro culture of preantral follicles has become an important focus in ruminant reproductive biology as an assisted reproductive approach. This technique not only contributes to improve livestock reproductive efficiency but also provides new strategies for the preservation of genetic resources and population restoration of endangered species. However, the in vitro development of ruminant preantral follicles is still constrained by multiple factors, such as the structural complexity of follicles, instability of culture systems, and low oocyte developmental competence, which limit its further application. Ruminant preantral follicles can achieve a certain degree of growth and development under in vitro conditions, and some studies have obtained early embryos such as morulae, but the overall maturation rate and developmental potential remain limited. This review systematically summarizes the isolation methods and in vitro culture systems of ruminant preantral follicles, including mechanical and enzymatic isolation, in situ culture, two-dimensional culture, and three-dimensional culture, and compares the differences among these methods and systems in terms of follicular integrity, applicability, and developmental performance. Future studies should focus on the standardization of isolation methods, optimization of culture systems, and elucidation of the mechanisms underlying long-term follicle survival and in vitro maturation, with the goal of establishing more efficient and stable culture systems and promoting the application of this technology in livestock production and the conservation of endangered species.

Key words: ruminants; preantral follicles; in vitro culture; isolation techniques

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