基于组学方法比较多浪羊和湖羊肝脏基因表达与瘤胃菌群组成差异及对环境适应性的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.02.019

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective This study aimed to analyze the differences in rumen microbiota composition， function， and hepatic gene expression between Duolang sheep and Hu sheep in the Kashgar region of Xinjiang， revealing mechanisms of environmental adaptation. Method Utilizing metagenomic sequencing to analyze differences in taxonomic composition and functional enrichment of rumen microbiota between the both breeds， and employing transcriptomic sequencing to detect differentially expressed genes in liver for GO function， KEGG pathway， and protein-protein interaction （PPI） network analysis， followed by integrated analysis to investigate associations between rumen microorganisms and hepatic genes. Result Metagenomic analysis results revealed that Duolang sheep exhibited greater microbial gene diversity compared with Hu sheep. At the taxonomic level， the dominant bacterial phyla in both breeds were Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes， yet the abundance of Clostridiales bacterium was significantly higher in Duolang sheep at the species level. Functional annotation results indicated that rumen microbial functions were primarily enriched in metabolic pathways related to carbohydrates and amino acids. Specifically， Duolang sheep showed prominent enrichment in amino acid and fatty acid metabolism pathways， whereas Hu sheep exhibited enrichment in reproduction-related pathways. Transcriptomic analysis of liver identified 498 differentially expressed genes （DEGs）（191 upregulated and 307 downregulated） between the both breeds， including key genes such as ADIPOQ （regulating lipid metabolism）， ATP2A1 （modulating calcium signaling and stress responses）， and MX1 （pathogen defense）. GO functional enrichment analysis results demonstrated that DEGs were primarily involved in biological processes including muscular system processes and glucose import. KEGG pathway enrichment results revealed that DEGs were significantly enriched in eight signaling pathways， including the muscle cell cytoskeleton and AMPK signaling pathway. PPI network analysis results identified that ATP2A1 as a hub gene interacting with multiple proteins. Integrated analysis results revealed a significant linear correlation between the rumen Clostridiales bacterium and MX1 gene in liver （P<0.05）， suggesting potential host-microbiome interactions regulating metabolic and immune pathways. Conclusion Duolang sheep and Hu sheep exhibited significant differences in rumen microbiota composition， functional capacity， and hepatic gene expression. These distinctions， along with the identified associations between rumen microorganisms and liver genes， collectively constitute their mechanisms of environmental adaptation.

Key words: Duolang sheep; Hu sheep; rumen; liver; metagenome; transcriptome; adaptability

CLC Number:

S826

YANG Yang, CAO Xing, CHEN Bin, LIU Wujun. Comparison of Gene Expression in Liver and Rumen Microbiota Composition Differences Between Duolang Sheep and Hu Sheep Based on Omics Approaches and Their Impacts on Environmental Adaptability[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2026, 53(2): 711-722.

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References 28

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样品 Samples	高质量序列 Clean reads/bp	有效数据 Clean bases/Gb	GC含量 GC contents/%	Q20/%	Q30/%
DLMG1	21 685 180	17.85	48.96	95.24	87.17
DLMG2	20 521 488	18.32	48.83	95.16	87.07
DLMG3	21 430 318	18.76	48.33	95.12	86.90
DLMG4	20 430 717	19.15	48.65	95.17	87.12
DLMG5	21 598 968	19.58	48.87	95.29	87.41
DLMG6	21 710 435	19.93	48.32	95.21	87.20
HTHG1	22 341 129	20.21	47.99	97.36	92.80
HTHG2	23 771 873	20.47	48.10	97.75	93.68
HTHG3	22 438 755	20.68	48.54	97.62	93.40
HTHG4	22 442 541	20.84	47.24	97.71	93.53
HTHG5	21 421 674	21.05	48.79	97.31	92.82
HTHG6	23 058 823	21.12	48.28	97.58	93.26

Comparison of Gene Expression in Liver and Rumen Microbiota Composition Differences Between Duolang Sheep and Hu Sheep Based on Omics Approaches and Their Impacts on Environmental Adaptability

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