饲料脂肪水平对杂交鳢仔稚鱼生长、肝脏生化指标、消化和抗氧化能力的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.07.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究饲料中不同水平的脂肪对杂交鳢(Channa argus♂×Channa maculate♀)仔稚鱼生长、体成分、肝脏生化指标、消化和抗氧化能力相关指标的影响，探究杂交鳢仔稚鱼饲料中脂肪的适宜水平。【方法】 825尾初始体重为(299.87±0.15)mg的试验鱼被随机分成5组，每组3个重复，每个重复55尾鱼，分别投喂脂肪水平为11.22%、13.22%、16.25%、19.28%和22.54%的5种饲料，分别记为L10、L13、L16、L19和L22组，在网箱(0.50 m×0.30 m×0.50 m)中养殖28 d。试验结束后统计每个网箱试验鱼的重量和数量，计算生长性能；于每个网箱随机挑选15尾鱼分析体成分；取全肠和肝脏，测定生化指标、消化酶活性和抗氧化酶活性。【结果】 ①L19组鱼的终末体重、增重率和特定生长率均显著高于L10和L22组(P＜0.05)，饲料系数显著低于L10、L13和L22组(P＜0.05)；L19和L16组鱼的蛋白质效率显著高于L10和L13组(P＜0.05)；存活率、肥满度和脏体比在各组间均无显著差异(P＞0.05)。②L19和L22组的全鱼粗脂肪含量显著高于L10、L13和L16组(P＜0.05)；全鱼水分、粗蛋白质和粗灰分含量在各组间均无显著差异(P＞0.05)。③在试验鱼肝脏中，L19和L22组的甘油三酯含量显著高于L10、L13和L16组(P＜0.05)，L19组的总胆固醇含量显著高于L10组(P＜0.05)，谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性在各组间均无显著差异(P＞0.05)。④L10组试验鱼肝脏胰蛋白酶活性显著高于L16、L19和L22组(P＜0.05)；L19和L22组鱼肠道胰蛋白酶活性显著低于L10组(P＜0.05)，L22组肠道脂肪酶活性显著高于L10和L13组(P＜0.05)。⑤L19组鱼肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著高于L10组(P＜0.05)，过氧化氢酶活性显著高于L10和L22组(P＜0.05)；L22组肝脏丙二醛含量显著高于其余各组(P＜0.05)。【结论】饲料中适宜的脂肪水平可促进杂交鳢仔稚鱼的生长性能、增加鱼体脂肪含量，提高其抗氧化能力，以杂交鳢获得最大生长性能与抗氧化能力为评价指标，经回归分析，其脂肪需要量为17.71%～19.39%。

关键词: 饲料脂肪水平; 杂交鳢仔稚鱼; 生化指标; 消化; 抗氧化能力

Abstract: 【Objective】 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different dietary lipid levels on growth,body composition,liver biochemical parameters,digestive capacity,and related antioxidant indices in hybrid snakehead (Channa argus♂ × Channa maculate♀) larvae,and determine the optimal dietary lipid level for hybrid snakehead larvae. 【Method】 825 experimental fish with an initial body weight of (299.87±0.15) mg were randomly divided into 5 groups,each with 3 replicates and 55 fish per replicate.They were fed 5 different diets with lipid levels of 11.22%,13.22%,16.25%,19.28%,and 22.54%,respectively,and designated as L10,L13,L16,L19,and L22 groups.The fish were reared in net cages (0.50 m×0.30 m×0.50 m) for 28 days.At the end of the experiment,the weight and number of experimental fish in each cage were counted,and growth performance was calculated.Fifteen fish were randomly selected from each cage for body composition analysis.The entire intestine and liver were collected for the determination of biochemical parameters,digestive enzyme activity,and antioxidant enzyme activity. 【Result】 ①The fish in L19 group exhibited significantly higher final body weight,weight gain rate,and specific growth rate than L10 and L22 groups (P＜0.05),and their feed conversion ratio was significantly lower than L10,L13,and L22 groups (P＜0.05).The protein efficiency ratio of fish in L19 and L16 groups were significantly higher than that of L10 and L13 groups (P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in survival rate,condition factor,and viscerosomatic index among all groups(P＞0.05).②Experimental fish in L19 and L22 groups had significantly higher whole-body crude lipid content compared to L10,L13,and L16 groups (P＜0.05),and there were no significant differences in whole-body moisture,crude protein,and crude ash contents among all groups (P＞0.05).③In the livers of the experimental fish,the triglyceride content in L19 and L22 groups was significantly higher than L10,L13,and L16 groups (P＜0.05),the total cholesterol content in L19 group was significantly higher than L10 group (P＜0.05),and the activities of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase had no significant differences among all groups (P＞0.05).④The trypsin activity in the liver of fish in L10 group was significantly higher than that in L16,L19,and L22 groups (P＜0.05).In the intestines of fish,the trypsin activity in L19 and L22 groups was significantly lower than that in L10 group (P＜0.05),and the lipase activity in L22 group was significantly higher than L10 and L13 groups (P＜0.05).⑤In the livers of the experimental fish,the glutathione peroxidase activity in L19 group was significantly higher than L10 group (P＜0.05),and the catalase activity was significantly higher than L10 and L22 groups (P＜0.05).The malondialdehyde content in L22 group was significantly higher than that in all other groups (P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】 An appropriate dietary lipid level could enhance the growth performance,increase body lipid content,and improve the antioxidant capacity of hybrid snakehead larval.Based on the comprehensive evaluation of growth performance and antioxidant capacity,the recommended dietary lipid requirement was 17.71%-19.39%.

Key words: dietary lipid level; hybrid snakehead larvae; biochemical parameters; digestion; antioxidant capacity

中图分类号:

S816.1

胡波, 熊攀, 胡俊茹, 鲁慧杰, 邹记兴, 王国霞. 饲料脂肪水平对杂交鳢仔稚鱼生长、肝脏生化指标、消化和抗氧化能力的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(7): 3116-3125.

HU Bo, XIONG Pan, HU Junru, LU Huijie, ZHOU Jixing, WANG Guoxia. Effects of Dietary Lipid Levels on Growth, Biochemical Parameters of Liver, Digestion, and Antioxidant Capacity in Hybrid Snakehead (Channa argus♂× Channa maculate♀) Larvae[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(7): 3116-3125.

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