亚临床酮病奶牛血清脂类代谢物的变化特征分析

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.10.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】比较分娩后14 d健康奶牛和亚临床酮病奶牛血清脂类代谢物的差异，探究泌乳早期亚临床酮病奶牛血清脂质代谢变化特征及其与亚临床酮病的关系。【方法】采集70头围产期奶牛的血液样品，测定血液生化指标，并根据血清中β-羟基丁酸(β-hydroxybutyrate，BHBA)浓度选择健康奶牛(H组)和亚临床酮病奶牛(SCK组)各10头。利用液相色谱-质谱联用(liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry，LC-MS)技术对产后14 d奶牛血清进行代谢组学分析，筛选血清脂类差异代谢物并对其进行KEGG通路富集分析，评估其与酮病相关血液生化指标的相关性。【结果】与健康奶牛相比，亚临床酮病奶牛血清中出现显著变化的差异代谢物主要为脂肪酰类、甘油磷脂类和甘油脂类，这些代谢物与酮病相关的血液生化指标非酯化脂肪酸、β-羟基丁酸、直接胆红素、总胆红素、葡萄糖、总胆固醇浓度及天冬氨酸氨基转氨酶活性显著相关(P＜0.05)。溶血磷脂酰胆碱(18∶0/0∶0)、白三烯、5,6-二羟基-8Z，11Z，14Z-二十碳三烯酸、琥珀酸半醛、硬脂酸、油酸等14种血清脂类差异代谢物主要富集在醚脂代谢、花生四烯酸代谢、丙氨酸天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢等通路。【结论】泌乳早期亚临床酮病奶牛血清脂类代谢物组成发生了显著变化，奶牛体内醚脂代谢、花生四烯酸代谢、不饱和脂肪酸生物合成、丁酸代谢、脂肪酸生物合成和甘油磷脂代谢等多个代谢途径受到影响，泌乳奶牛血清脂类代谢物的紊乱与亚临床酮病的发生紧密相关。

关键词: 奶牛; 亚临床酮病; 血清; 脂质代谢

Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective of this study was to compare the differences in serum lipid metabolites between healthy and subclinical ketosis diary cows at 14 d after parturition,and to investigate the characteristics of changes in serum lipid metabolism in subclinical ketosis diary cows during the early lactation period and the relationship with subclinical ketosis.【Method】 Blood samples were collected from 70 periparturient cows,blood biochemical indices were measured.According to the concentration of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) in serum,10 healthy dairy cows (H group) and 10 subclinical ketosis diary cows (SCK group) were selected respectively.Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technology was used to perform metabolomic analysis of serum from diary cows in H and SCK groups at 14 d postpartum.Differential metabolites of serum lipids were screened and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was performed on them，and evaluate its correlation with the blood biochemical indicators related to ketosis.【Result】 Compared with healthy dairy cows,the differential metabolites that showed significant changes in the serum of subclinical ketosis dairy cows were mainly fatty acylates,glycerophospholipids and glyceride.These metabolites were significantly correlated with the blood biochemical indicators related to ketosis,such as non-esterified fatty acids,β-hydroxybutyric acid,direct bilirubin,total bilirubin,glucose,total cholesterol concentrations,and aspartate aminotransferase activity (P＜0.05).The differential metabolites of 14 serum lipids,including lysophosphatidylcholine (18∶0/0∶0),leukotrienes,5,6-dihydroxy-8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosapentaenoic acid,succinic semialdehyde,stearic acid,oleic acid,etc.,were mainly enriched in pathways such as ether lipid metabolism,arachidonic acid metabolism,alanine-aspartic acid and glutamic acid metabolism.【Conclusion】 The composition of serum lipid metabolites in subclinical ketosis dairy cows in the early lactation period had undergone significant changes.Multiple metabolic pathways in cows,such as ether lipid metabolism,arachidonic acid metabolism,unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis,butyric acid metabolism,fatty acid biosynthesis,and glycerophospholipid metabolism,were affected.The disorder of serum lipid metabolites in lactating cows was closely related to the occurrence of subclinical ketosis.

Key words: diary cow; subclinical ketosis; serum; lipid metabolism

中图分类号:

S856.5

李欢语, 张万里, 王爽, 崔省委, 马燕芬, 马云, 余永涛. 亚临床酮病奶牛血清脂类代谢物的变化特征分析[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(10): 4592-4602.

LI Huanyu, ZHANG Wanli, WANG Shuang, CUI Shengwei, MA Yanfen, MA Yun, YU Yongtao. Characteristics of Serum Lipid Metabolites in Diary Cows with Subclinical Ketosis[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(10): 4592-4602.

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