中国畜牧兽医 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (2): 948-958.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.02.039

• 预防兽医 • 上一篇    下一篇

鸭短喙矮小综合征病毒单克隆抗体制备及竞争ELISA检测方法的建立

朱小丽1,2(), 王劭1,2, 董慧1,2, 程晓霞1,2, 江丹丹1, 肖世峰1,2, 陈少莺1,2(), 陈仕龙1,2()   

  1. 1.福建省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所,福州 350013
    2.福建省畜禽疫病防治工程技术研究中心,福州 350013
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-12 出版日期:2026-02-20 发布日期:2026-01-27
  • 通讯作者: 陈少莺,陈仕龙 E-mail:zhuxiaoli0226@163.com;chensy58@163.com;CSL6116@163.com
  • 作者简介:朱小丽,E-mail:zhuxiaoli0226@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    福建省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项(2022R1026006);福建省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项(2016R1022-5);福建省家禽产业技术体系建设项目(2024-2025);福建省农业科学院对外合作项目(DWHZ2024-05);国家自然科学基金项目(32302868)

Preparation of Monoclonal Antibodies Against Duck Short Beak and Dwarfism Syndrome Virus and Establishment of a Competitive ELISA Detection Method

ZHU Xiaoli1,2(), WANG Shao1,2, DONG Hui1,2, CHENG Xiaoxia1,2, JIANG Dandan1, XIAO Shifeng1,2, CHEN Shaoying1,2(), CHEN Shilong1,2()   

  1. 1.Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou 350013,China
    2.Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center,Fuzhou 350013,China
  • Received:2025-06-12 Online:2026-02-20 Published:2026-01-27
  • Contact: CHEN Shaoying, CHEN Shilong E-mail:zhuxiaoli0226@163.com;chensy58@163.com;CSL6116@163.com

摘要:

目的 建立一种快速检测鸭短喙矮小综合征病毒(Short beak and dwarfism syndrome virus,SBDSV)抗体的血清学方法,为SBDSV抗体检测及诊断试剂盒研发提供技术支撑。 方法 本研究用纯化的SBDSV M15株灭活毒免疫BALB/c小鼠,取免疫小鼠脾细胞和骨髓瘤细胞(SP2/0)进行融合,利用间接ELISA筛选可分泌SBDSV单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。用筛选出的杂交瘤细胞接种小鼠制备腹水。通过间接ELISA测定单克隆抗体效价,通过间接免疫荧光试验(indirect immunofluorescence assay,IFA)和胶乳凝集(latex particle agglutination,LPA)试验鉴定单克隆抗体特性。通过中和试验测定单克隆抗体中和活性,使用试剂盒鉴定单克隆抗体亚类。运用棋盘滴定法优化反应体系,建立基于SBDSV单克隆抗体的竞争ELISA检测方法。通过检测阴性血清确定该方法的临界值。对建立的竞争ELISA检测方法进行特异性、灵敏性和重复性测定。用该方法检测临床血清样品,并与胶乳凝集抑制(latex particle agglutination inhibition,LPAI)试验结果进行比对。 结果 经间接ELISA筛选,获得3株稳定分泌SBDSV单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞,分别命名为D5-3、G11-23和H2-27。间接ELISA结果显示,3株杂交瘤细胞D5-3、G11-23和H2-27培养上清的抗体效价分别为1∶26、1∶25和1∶26,腹水的抗体效价分别为1∶105、1∶104和1∶106。IFA结果显示,单克隆抗体D5-3、G11-23和H2-27均具有较好的结合活性,可用于IFA检测。LPA试验结果显示,仅单克隆抗体H2-27具有致敏胶乳的特性。中和试验结果显示,3株单克隆抗体均具有中和SBDSV的能力,其中单克隆抗体H2-27的中和活性最强。单克隆抗体亚类鉴定结果显示,单克隆抗体D5-3和G11-23均为IgG1,H2-27为IgM。以纯化的SBDSV(M15株)灭活毒作为包被抗原,单克隆抗体H2-27为竞争抗体,建立了一种检测SBDSV抗体的竞争ELISA方法,当抑制率(PI)≥23.70%时,判定为SBDSV抗体阳性;PI≤15.91%时判定为阴性。该方法特异性好,与番鸭细小病毒(Muscovy duck parvovirus,MDPV)、番鸭呼肠孤病毒(Muscovy duck reovirus,MDRV)、鸭源副黏病毒(Duck paramyxovirus,DPMV)、鸭肝炎病毒1型(Duck hepatitis virus-1,DHV-1)和鸭坦布苏病毒(Duck Tembusu virus,DTMUV)阳性血清均无交叉反应;敏感性高,高免血清(LPAI效价1∶28)1∶25 600稀释时仍为阳性;批间、批内重复性好,变异系数均<6%。竞争ELISA检测结果与LPAI结果具有良好的正相关性,二者的符合率为89.10%(188/211)。 结论 本研究成功制备3株SBDSV单克隆抗体,基于单克隆抗体H2-27建立的竞争ELISA方法特异性强、灵敏度高、重复性好,可高通量检测SBDSV抗体,为监测SBDSV在中国的流行情况及雏鸭母源抗体水平评价提供技术支撑。

关键词: 鸭; 短喙矮小综合征病毒(SBDSV); 单克隆抗体; 竞争ELISA

Abstract:

Objective This study aimed to establish a rapid serological method for detecting antibodies against Short beak and dwarfism syndrome virus (SBDSV) in ducks, providing technical support for the development of SBDSV antibody detection and diagnostic kits. Method BALB/c mice were immunized with purified and inactivated SBDSV M15 strain. Splenocytes from the immunized mice were fused with SP2/0 myeloma cells. Hybridoma cell lines that could secrete SBDSV monoclonal antibody were screened by indirect ELISA. Ascites was prepared from the mice inoculated with screened hybridoma cells. The titers of monoclonal antibodies were determined by indirect ELISA. The characteristics of the monoclonal antibodies were identified by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and latex particle agglutination (LPA) assay. The neutralizing activity of monoclonal antibodies was determined by neutralization test. Monoclonal antibodies subclasses were tested by commercialized kit. The reaction system was optimized by using the checkerboard titration method, and a competitive ELISA detection method based on SBDSV monoclonal antibody was established. The cut-off value of this method was determined by detecting negative sera. The specificity, sensitivity and repeatability of the established competitive ELISA detection method were performed. The clinical sera were detected by this method, which results were compared with the results of latex particle agglutination inhibition (LPAI) assay. Result Three hybridoma cells stably secreting SBDSV monoclonal antibody were obtained by indirect ELISA, which were named D5-3, G11-23 and H2-27, respectively. The results of indirect ELISA showed that the antibody titers in the supernatant of three hybridoma cells D5-3, G11-23 and H2-27 were 1∶26, 1∶25 and 1∶26, respectively, and the antibody titers in the ascites were 1∶105, 1∶104 and 1∶106, respectively. The IFA results showed that the monoclonal antibodies D5-3, G11-23 and H2-27 all had good binding activity and could be used for IFA detection. The results of LPA assay showed that only monoclonal antibody H2-27 had the characteristic of sensitizing latex. The results of neutralization test showed that all three monoclonal antibodies had the ability to neutralize SBDSV, and monoclonal antibody H2-27 had the strongest neutralizing activity. The identification results of monoclonal antibody subclasses showed that monoclonal antibody D5-3 and G11-23 belonged to IgG1 subclass, while monoclonal antibody H2-27 belonged to IgM subclass. A competitive ELISA method for detecting SBDSV antibody was established by using purified and inactivated SBDSV (M15 strain) as coating antigen and monoclonal antibody H2-27 as competitive antibody. When inhibition rate (PI)≥23.70%, serum sample was determined to be positive for SBDSV antibody, when PI≤15.91%, it was determined to be negative. This method demonstrated good specificity to SBDSV positive sera and had no cross-reaction with the positive serum of Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV), Muscovy duck reovirus (MDRV), Duck paramyxovirus (DPMV), Duck hepatitis virus-1 (DHV-1) and Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV). The test result of the hyper immune serum (LPAI titer 1∶28) which was diluted at 1∶25 600 was remained positive. The coefficients of variation for inter-assay and intra-assay were both less than 6%, which indicated good repeatability of this method. The consistency between the established competitive ELISA and LPAI assay was good, which reached 89.10% (188/211). Conclusion Three monoclonal antibodies against SBDSV were successfully prepared in this study. The competitive ELISA method based on monoclonal antibody H2-27 had strong specificity, high sensitivity and good repeatability, could detect SBDSV antibodies in high throughput, providing technical support for monitoring the prevalence of SBDSV in China and for evaluating maternal antibody levels in ducklings.

Key words: duck; Short beak and dwarfism syndrome virus (SBDSV); monoclonal antibody; competitive ELISA

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