铁死亡作用机制及其在动物生殖中的研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.02.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

动物生殖系统疾病导致的睾丸、卵巢氧化损伤及细胞过度凋亡与信号通路失调密切相关，其中铁代谢在动物生殖疾病中发挥着至关重要的作用。铁死亡作为一种铁依赖的脂质过氧化驱动的调控性细胞死亡方式，其核心特征体现为细胞内铁稳态失衡、脂质过氧化物蓄积及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4（GPX4）介导的抗氧化系统功能缺陷，主要通过SystemXc^--GSH-GPX4轴、铁代谢通路（转铁蛋白受体1、铁蛋白重链等调控）及脂代谢通路（长链酰基辅酶A合成酶家族成员4等介导）协同调控。在动物生殖领域，铁死亡对哺乳动物（人、啮齿类、家兔等）、家禽的生殖机能具有显著影响：在雄性动物中可诱导睾丸氧化应激、生精细胞损伤及精子质量下降；在雌性动物中则与卵巢功能减退、卵泡闭锁、卵母细胞成熟障碍及胚胎发育异常密切相关。环境污染物（如PM2.5、微塑料）、毒素（如镉、玉米赤霉烯酮）及病理因素可通过激活铁死亡通路加剧生殖损伤，而铁死亡抑制剂（Ferrostatin-1）、铁螯合剂及天然产物（褪黑素、枸杞多糖等）可通过调控Nrf2/GPX4等信号通路缓解相关损伤。本综述系统梳理了铁死亡的分子调控机制，全面总结了其在不同类别动物生殖系统中的作用及相关研究进展，深入分析了铁死亡机制及缓解途径，以期为解析动物生殖疾病病理机制、改善繁殖性能提供全新靶点，为畜牧业生殖障碍的防控策略研发奠定理论基础。

关键词: 铁死亡; 哺乳动物; 家禽; 铁死亡抑制剂

Abstract:

Oxidative injury of testes and ovaries， as well as excessive cellular apoptosis induced by animal reproductive system diseases， are profoundly associated with dysregulation of signaling pathways. Among these， iron metabolism exerts a critical role in the pathogenesis of animal reproductive diseases. As a regulated form of cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation， ferroptosis is characterized by intracellular iron homeostasis imbalance， accumulation of lipid peroxides， and functional defects in the antioxidant system mediated by glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPX4）. It is synergistically regulated primarily through the SystemXc^--GSH-GPX4 axis， iron metabolism pathways （regulated by transferrin receptor 1， ferritin heavy chain， etc.）， and lipid metabolism pathways （mediated by acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4， etc.）. In the field of animal reproduction， ferroptosis exerts a significant impact on the reproductive functions of mammals （human， rodent， rabbit， etc.） and poultry. In males， it can induce testicular oxidative stress， damage to spermatogenic cells， and a decline in sperm quality. In females， it is closely associated with ovarian hypofunction， follicular atresia， oocyte maturation disorders， and abnormal embryonic development. Environmental pollutants （such as PM2.5 and microplastics）， toxins （such as cadmium and zearalenone）， and pathological factors can exacerbate reproductive damage by activating ferroptosis pathways. In contrast， ferroptosis inhibitors （Ferrostatin-1）， iron chelators， and natural products （melatonin， Lycium barbarum polysaccharides， etc.） can alleviate related damage by regulating signaling pathways such as Nrf2/GPX4. This review systematically sort out the molecular regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis， comprehensively summarize its roles in the reproductive systems of different types of animals and the related research progress， and in-depth analyze the mechanism of ferroptosis as well as its mitigation approaches. It is expected to provide a novel target for deciphering the pathological mechanisms of animal reproductive diseases and improving reproductive performance， and lay a theoretical foundation for the research and development of prevention and control strategies for reproductive disorders in animal husbandry.

Key words: ferroptosis; mammals; poultry; ferroptosis inhibitors

中图分类号:

S814.1

赵梦然, 杨蓓蓓, 王百惠, 朱阵, 马双. 铁死亡作用机制及其在动物生殖中的研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2026, 53(2): 587-597.

ZHAO Mengran, YANG Beibei, WANG Baihui, ZHU Zhen, MA Shuang. Mechanism of Ferroptosis and Its Research Advance in Animal Reproduction[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2026, 53(2): 587-597.

图/表 1

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