植物多酚的生物学功能及其在家禽中的应用研究

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.11.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 全球动物蛋白供应体系中，家禽业在缓解营养匮乏方面发挥着重要作用，但其发展持续受到细菌、病毒等病原体引发的疾病威胁，不仅推高疫病综合防控成本，同时加剧群体死亡率并制约生产性能表现。在此背景下，植物多酚正成为新型饲料添加剂的研发焦点。这类天然化合物广泛分布于植物次生代谢产物中，目前已鉴定出超过8 000种结构类型，涵盖黄酮类、酚酸类、木脂素类等主要亚类，其独特的酚羟基结构赋予其卓越的抗氧化、抗炎及广谱抗菌特性。然而，多酚类物质的强极性特征导致其在小肠纹状缘膜的低渗透性，加之胃肠道内的结构降解，使其生物利用度普遍低于10%。针对这一技术瓶颈，前沿研究正聚焦于纳米包埋技术(如壳聚糖纳米粒)和分子结构修饰(如酰化/甲基化衍生物)，通过改善疏水性和代谢稳定性来突破吸收屏障。为了能够更全面地认识多酚在家禽养殖应用中的潜力，作者简述了植物多酚的来源、结构与分类，抗氧化、抗炎和抗菌的生物学功能，及其在家禽生产中的应用。

关键词: 多酚; 家禽; 生物活性; 生物利用度; 肠道健康

Abstract: Poultry production plays a vital role in mitigating global nutritional deficiencies within the animal protein supply system.However,its sustainable development is persistently challenged by pathogenic diseases caused by bacteria,viruses,and other pathogens,which not only increase the overall cost of disease prevention and control but also elevate flock mortality rates and impair production performance.In this context,plant polyphenols are emerging as a key focus in the development of novel feed additives.These natural compounds,widely present in plant secondary metabolites,encompass over 8 000 structurally diverse types,including major subclasses such as flavonoids,phenolic acids,and lignans.Their unique phenolic hydroxyl groups confer exceptional antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties.Nevertheless,the strong polarity of polyphenols results in low permeability across the small intestinal brush border membrane,and their structural degradation in the gastrointestinal environment results in bioavailability typically below 10%.To address this challenge,cutting-edge research is exploring nanoencapsulation technologies (e.g.,chitosan nanoparticles) and molecular structural modifications (e.g.,acylated/methylated derivatives) to enhance hydrophobicity and metabolic stability,thereby overcoming absorption barriers.To gain a more comprehensive understanding of the potential of polyphenols in poultry farming,the author summarizes their sources,structural classification;biological functions such as antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and antimicrobial effects;and their applications in poultry production.

Key words: polyphenol; poultry; bioactivity; bioavailability; gut health

中图分类号:

S816.7

李艺普, 邵玉新, 张博, 李晶, 王铮, 马腾壑. 植物多酚的生物学功能及其在家禽中的应用研究[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(11): 5217-5225.

LI Yipu, SHAO Yuxin, ZHANG Bo, LI Jing, WANG Zheng, MA Tenghe. Study on Biological Functions of Plant-derived Polyphenols and Their Application in Poultry[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(11): 5217-5225.

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