中国畜牧兽医 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (1): 212-223.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.01.019

• 营养与饲料 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同比例鲜苜蓿和燕麦干草混合青贮发酵品质及瘤胃体外发酵特性的研究

杨嘉宇1,2(), 何可可2,3, 焦柯锐1,2, 梁韵仪2, 陈雅坤2, 尹双双2, 杨鹏标4, 卜登攀2, 张元庆1(), 赵连生2()   

  1. 1.山西农业大学动物科学学院,太谷 030801
    2.中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,动物营养学国家重点实验室,北京 100193
    3.新疆农业大学,乌鲁木齐 830052
    4.上海牧高生物科技有限公司,上海 201306
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-19 出版日期:2026-01-05 发布日期:2025-12-26
  • 通讯作者: 张元庆,赵连生 E-mail:yjy990407@163.com;yuanqing_zhang@163.com;aaronann@163.com
  • 作者简介:杨嘉宇,E-mail:yjy990407@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1301002);中国农业科学院北方农牧业技术创新中心项目(BFGJ2023002);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP-IAS-17);家畜产业技术体系北京市创新团队(BAIC05-2025)

Study of Fermentation Quality and in vitro Ruminal Fermentation Characteristics of Mixed Silage with Different Ratios of Fresh Alfalfa and Oat Hay

YANG Jiayu1,2(), HE Keke2,3, JIAO Kerui1,2, LIANG Yunyi2, CHEN Yakun2, YIN Shuangshuang2, YANG Pengbiao4, BU Dengpan2, ZHANG Yuanqing1(), ZHAO Liansheng2()   

  1. 1.College of Animal Science and Technology,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China
    2.National Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding,Institute of Animal Science of CAAS,Beijing 100193,China
    3.Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China
    4.Shanghai Mugao Biotechnology Co. ,Ltd. ,Shanghai 201306,China
  • Received:2025-05-19 Online:2026-01-05 Published:2025-12-26
  • Contact: ZHANG Yuanqing, ZHAO Liansheng E-mail:yjy990407@163.com;yuanqing_zhang@163.com;aaronann@163.com

摘要:

目的 本试验旨在探究不同比例鲜苜蓿与燕麦干草混合青贮对发酵品质及瘤胃体外发酵特性的影响。 方法 将鲜苜蓿和燕麦干草按鲜重比为8︰2(AO1)、7︰3(AO2)、6︰4(AO3)均匀混合后青贮60 d,通过感官评分、测定营养成分、发酵品质、有氧稳定性以及瘤胃体外发酵参数评价不同比例鲜苜蓿和燕麦干草的青贮效果。 结果 ①AO2组混合青贮感官评分达18.87分,显著高于AO1和AO3组(P<0.05)。②AO1组青贮的粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量最高,酸性洗涤纤维、灰分和可溶性碳水化合物量最低;各组间青贮的中性洗涤纤维含量无显著差异(P>0.05);AO1和AO2组的饲草质量分值显著高于AO3组(P<0.05),其中AO1组分值最高,为60.39。有氧稳定性结果显示,AO2组在有氧暴露条件下保持稳定的时间最长,AO3组次之,AO1稳定时间最短,分别为204.5、166.45和133.17 h。③AO1及AO2组混合青贮中乳酸含量均显著高于AO3组(P<0.05)。④AO3组在各时间段的产气量均高于其余处理组;AO1组的干物质降解率和粗蛋白质降解率显著高于AO2和AO3组(P<0.05),且随鲜苜蓿比例降低,混合青贮中性洗涤纤维降解率呈降低趋势(P=0.07),而各组间酸性洗涤纤维降解率无显著差异(P>0.05);AO1组的总挥发性脂肪酸、丁酸、氨态氮浓度显著高于AO2及AO3组。 结论 鲜苜蓿与燕麦干草混合比例控制在8︰2和7︰3时青贮发酵品质最优,体外消化率较高。该结果可为东北地区调制鲜苜蓿与燕麦干草混贮饲料提供参考。

关键词: 鲜苜蓿; 燕麦干草; 混合青贮; 体外发酵特性

Abstract:

Objective This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of different mixing ratios of fresh alfalfa and oat hay on fermentation quality and in vitro rumenfermentation characteristics when used for mixed silage. Method Fresh alfalfa and oat hay were uniformly mixed at fresh weight ratios of 8∶2 (AO1), 7∶3 (AO2), and 6∶4 (AO3), and ensiled for 60 days. The silage effects were analyzed through sensory evaluation, and measurement of composition, fermentation quality, aerobic stability, and in vitro rumen fermentation parameters. Result ①The sensory evaluation score of the AO2 mixed silage reached 18.87, was significantly higher than that of AO1 and AO3 groups (P<0.05).②AO1 silage had the highest contents of crude protein (CP ) and ether extract (EE), and the lowest contents of acid detergent fiber (ADF), Ash, and water soluble carbohydrates (WSC). There were no significant differences in neutral detergent fiber (NDF) among the groups (P>0.05). The forage quality scores of AO1 and AO2 groups were significantly higher than that of AO3 group (P<0.05), with AO1 silage having the highest score of 60.39. Aerobic stability results showed that the AO2 silage maintained stability for the longest time under aerobic exposure (204.5 h), followed by AO3 (166.45 h), and AO1 had the shortest stability time (133.17 h).③The lactic acid content in the mixed silage of both AO1 and AO2 groups were significantly higher than that of AO3 group (P<0.05).④The gas production of AO3 group was higher than the other treatment groups at all time points. The dry matter degradation rate (DMD) and crude protein degradation rate (CPD) of AO1 group were significantly higher than those of AO2 and AO3 groups (P<0.05).As the proportion of fresh alfalfa decreases,the neutral detergent fiber degradation rate (NDFD) showed a decreasing trend among treatments (P=0.07), while no significant difference was found in acid detergent fiber degradation rate (ADFD) among groups (P>0.05). The total volatile fatty acid (TVFA), butyrate, and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentrations in AO1 group were significantly higher than those in AO2 and AO3 groups. Conclusion When the mixing ratio of fresh alfalfa to oat hay was controlled at 8∶2 and 7∶3, the silage fermentation quality was optimal, and the in vitro digestibility was high. It could provide a reference for producing mixed silage of fresh alfalfa and oat hay in Northeast China.

Key words: fresh alfalfa; oat hay; mixed silage; in vitro fermentation characteristics

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