不同比例田菁与燕麦干草混合青贮对其品质和体外发酵特性的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.11.010

中国畜牧兽医 ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (11): 5122-5133.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.11.010

• 营养与饲料 • 上一篇

不同比例田菁与燕麦干草混合青贮对其品质和体外发酵特性的影响

何可可^1,2, 杨嘉宇^2,3, 陈雅坤², 梁韵仪², 卜登攀², 马慧⁴, 罗维真⁴, 曹晓风⁵, 邓娴⁵, 唐丁⁵, 臧长江¹, 赵连生²

1. 新疆农业大学动物科学学院, 新疆肉乳用草食动物营养实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830052;
2. 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所, 畜禽营养与饲养全国重点实验室, 北京 100193;
3. 山西农业大学动物科技学院, 太谷 030801;
4. 北京三元种业科技有限公司, 北京 100076;
5. 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所, 基因组生物学研究中心, 北京 100101

收稿日期:2025-04-03 发布日期:2025-10-30
通讯作者: 臧长江, 赵连生 E-mail:zcj780@126.com;aaronann@163.com
作者简介:何可可，E-mail:550396768@qq.com。
基金资助:
中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP-IAS-17)；首农食品集团自立科技项目(SNSPKJ(2022)02)；家畜产业技术体系北京市创新团队项目(BAIC05-2025)；中国农业科学院北方农牧业技术创新中心项目(BFGJ2023002)；山东省重点研发计划(2024SFGC0404)

Effects of Different Proportions of Sesbania cannabina and Oat Hay Mixed Silage on the Quality and in vitro Fermentation Characteristics

HE Keke^1,2, YANG Jiayu^2,3, CHEN Yakun², LIANG Yunyi², BU Dengpan², MA Hui⁴, LUO Weizhen⁴, CAO Xiaofeng⁵, DENG Xian⁵, TANG DING⁵, ZANG Changjiang¹, ZHAO Liansheng²

1. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Herbivore Nutrition for Meat & Milk, College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;
2. National Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science of CAAS, Beijing 100193, China;
3. College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China;
4. Beijing Sanyuan Seed Industry Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100076, China;
5. Center for Genomic Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

Received:2025-04-03 Published:2025-10-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】试验旨在研究不同比例田菁与燕麦干草混合青贮(以下简称混贮)对其品质及体外发酵特性的影响。【方法】采用单因素完全随机区组设计，将田菁和燕麦干草按鲜重比例(9∶1、8∶2、7∶3、6∶4)混合，试验共4个组，每组5个重复。发酵60 d后对其感官品质、营养品质、发酵品质和体外发酵特性进行分析，确定田菁与燕麦干草的最佳混贮比例。【结果】①随着燕麦干草比例的增加，田菁与燕麦干草混贮的色泽和气味逐步改善，其中7∶3组感官评分最高(16.50)。②发酵60 d后，8∶2组混贮的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量显著高于7∶3和6∶4组(P＜0.05)，同时7∶3和6∶4组的NDF含量较发酵前分别降低了5.83%和4.63%；9∶1和8∶2组混贮的酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量极显著高于7∶3和6∶4组(P＜0.01)，与发酵前相比，各组的ADF含量分别降低了4.03%(9∶1)、4.08%(8∶2)、8.00%(7∶3)和6.58%(6∶4)。③发酵60 d后浸提液中，7∶3组混贮的pH极显著或显著低于其余3组(P＜0.01；P＜0.05)，乳酸(LA)含量极显著或显著高于其余3组(P＜0.01；P＜0.05)；7∶3和6∶4组V-score分别为83.5和86.5，等级均为优。④瘤胃体外发酵显示，各时间段7∶3组混贮的产气量均高于其余3组。⑤随着燕麦干草比例的增加，体外发酵后瘤胃液pH呈现显著线性变化(P＜0.05)；总挥发性脂肪酸和乙酸呈现显著二次变化(P＜0.05)；丙酸呈现极显著二次变化(P＜0.01)。⑥7∶3和6∶4组混贮的干物质降解率(DMD)极显著高于9∶1组(P＜0.01)；9∶1组中性洗涤纤维降解率(NDFD)、酸性洗涤纤维降解率(ADFD)显著或极显著低于其他3组(P＜0.05；P＜0.01)；随着燕麦干草比例的增加，除了粗蛋白质降解率(CPD)呈下降趋势外，其余营养物质降解率均呈上升趋势。【结论】本试验条件下，随着燕麦干草比例的增加，田菁与燕麦干草混贮感官评分、营养品质和体外发酵特性均得到有效改善，且田菁与燕麦干草比例为7∶3时混贮效果最好。

关键词: 田菁; 燕麦干草; 混贮; 体外发酵

Abstract: 【Objective】 This experiment aimed to investigate the effect of different proportions of Sesbania cannabina and oat hay mixed silage on the quality and in vitro fermentation characteristics. 【Method】 A single-factor completely randomized block design was adopted.Sesbania cannabina and oat hay were mixed at fresh weight proportions of 9∶1,8∶2,7∶3,and 6∶4,resulted in 4 treatment groups with 5 replicates per group.After 60 days of fermentation,the sensory quality,nutritional quality,fermentation quality,and in vitro fermentation characteristics were analyzed to determine the optimal mixing proportions of Sesbania cannabina and oat hay for mixed silage. 【Result】 ①The color and odor of Sesbania cannabina and oat hay mixed silage improved with increasing oat hay proportion.The 7∶3 group achieved the highest sensory score (16.50).②After 60 days of fermentation,the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content of mixed silage in 8∶2 group was significantly higher than that in 7∶3 and 6∶4 groups (P＜0.05).Meanwhile,the NDF content in 7∶3 and 6∶4 groups decreased by 5.83% and 4.63% compared with pre-fermentation levels,respectively.The acid detergent fiber (ADF) content in 9∶1 and 8∶2 groups were extremely significantly higher than that in 7∶3 and 6∶4 groups (P＜0.01).Compared with pre-fermentation,the ADF content of each group decreased by 4.03% (9∶1),4.08% (8∶2),8.00% (7∶3),and 6.58% (6∶4),respectively.③After 60 days of fermentation，pH of mixed silage in 7∶3 group was extremely significantly or significantly lower than that of the other three groups (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05),the lactic acid (LA) content was extremely significantly or significantly higher than that of the other three groups (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).The V-scores of mixed silage in 7∶3 and 6∶4 groups were 83.5 and 86.5,respectively,both graded as excellent.④Rumen in vitro fermentation showed,the gas production of mixed silage in 7∶3 group was higher than that of the other three groups in each time period.⑤With the increase of the proportion of oat hay,the pH of rumen fluid after in vitro fermentation showed a significant linear change (P＜0.05),total volatile fatty acids and acetic acid showed a significant quadratic change (P＜0.05),and propionic acid showed an extremely significant quadratic change (P＜0.01).⑥The dry matter degradation rates (DMD) of 7∶3 and 6∶4 groups were extremely significantly higher than that of 9∶1 group (P＜0.01),the neutral detergent fiber degradation rate (NDFD) and acid detergent fiber degradation rate (ADFD) of 9∶1 group were significantly or extremely significantly lower that of other three groups (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). With the increase of the proportion of oat hay,the degradation rate of all nutrients showed an upward trend,except for crude protein degradation rate (CPD),which showed a downward trend. 【Conclusion】 Under the conditions of this experiment,with the increasing proportion of oat hay,the sensory evaluation,nutritional quality,and in vitro fermentation characteristics of Sesbania cannabina and oat hay mixed silage were all significantly improved.The mixed silage effect showed the best quality when Sesbania and oat hay were mixed in a proportion of 7∶3.

Key words: Sesbania cannabina; oat hay; mixed silage; in vitro fermentation

中图分类号:

S816.5⁺3

何可可, 杨嘉宇, 陈雅坤, 梁韵仪, 卜登攀, 马慧, 罗维真, 曹晓风, 邓娴, 唐丁, 臧长江, 赵连生. 不同比例田菁与燕麦干草混合青贮对其品质和体外发酵特性的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(11): 5122-5133.

HE Keke, YANG Jiayu, CHEN Yakun, LIANG Yunyi, BU Dengpan, MA Hui, LUO Weizhen, CAO Xiaofeng, DENG Xian, TANG DING, ZANG Changjiang, ZHAO Liansheng. Effects of Different Proportions of Sesbania cannabina and Oat Hay Mixed Silage on the Quality and in vitro Fermentation Characteristics[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(11): 5122-5133.

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不同比例田菁与燕麦干草混合青贮对其品质和体外发酵特性的影响

Effects of Different Proportions of Sesbania cannabina and Oat Hay Mixed Silage on the Quality and in vitro Fermentation Characteristics

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