有机铬的生物学功能及其在动物营养中的应用研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.12.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 铬作为动物机体所必需的微量元素之一，其主要以三价铬的形式发挥生物学功能。铬主要分为有机铬和无机铬两类，无机铬因其吸收率低、易受其他饲料成分的影响，故应用效果存在限制。而有机铬作为一种营养性补充剂，具有提高胰岛素敏感性、调节动物机体血糖水平、参与脂质代谢、增强机体抗氧化应激能力等生物学功能，在促进动物生长、改善生产性能和繁殖性能，及增强动物机体抗氧化应激能力等方面发挥重要作用。在猪生产中，有机铬可改善其生长性能，降低背膘厚度，提高瘦肉率，改善猪肉品质；在反刍动物生产中，有机铬可缓解环境应激对动物的影响，改善乳品质和肉品质；在鸡生产中，有机铬可提高其生产性能，增强机体抗氧化能力，降低死亡率。笔者概述了有机铬的类型及其吸收代谢方式，对有机铬的生物学功能及其在不同动物饲粮中的应用进展进行了综述，旨在为有机铬在畜牧生产中的合理应用和深入研究提供参考。

关键词: 有机铬; 生物学功能; 胰岛素; 抗氧化功能

Abstract: Chromium,as one of the essential trace elements in animal organism,mainly exerts its biological function in the form of trivalent chromium.Chromium is divided into two categories:Organic chromium and inorganic chromium.Inorganic chromium has limitations in its application due to its low absorption rate and susceptibility to the influence of other feed ingredients.Organic chromium,as a class of nutritional supplements,has biological functions such as improving insulin sensitivity,regulating blood glucose levels,participating in lipid metabolism,and enhancing the ability to resist oxidative stress.Organic chromium plays an important role in promoting animal growth,improving production performance and reproductive performance.In swine production,organic chromium can improve the growth performance of pigs,reduce the thickness of backfat,increase the rate of lean meat,and improve the pork quality.In the production of ruminants,organic chromium can alleviate the impact of environmental stress on animals,and improve the quality of milk and meat.In chicken production,organic chromium can enhance the production performance,strengthen the body’s antioxidant capacity,and reduce mortality rate.The author outlined the types of organic chromium and their absorption and metabolic processes,and reviewed the biological functions of organic chromium and its application progress in different animal diets.With the aim of providing references for the rational application and in-depth study of organic chromium in livestock production.

Key words: organic chromium; biological function; insulin; antioxidant function

中图分类号:

S816.72

马雪琴, 马玉林, 徐晓锋, 张力莉. 有机铬的生物学功能及其在动物营养中的应用研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(12): 5715-5725.

MA Xueqin, MA Yulin, XU Xiaofeng, ZHANG Lili. Research Progress on Biological Functions of Organic Chromium and Its Application in Animal Nutrition[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(12): 5715-5725.

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