巴西人参叶粉对灵山鸡生长性能、抗氧化及免疫功能的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.11.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究饲粮添加巴西人参叶粉对灵山鸡生长性能、养分代谢、抗氧化能力及免疫功能的影响。【方法】采用单因子完全随机设计，将240只1日龄健康、体重接近的灵山鸡母鸡，随机分为对照组(饲喂基础饲粮)及1.00%、2.00%、3.00%巴西人参叶粉添加组，每组6个重复，每个重复10只鸡，预饲期7 d，正试期35 d。试验末，以重复为单位对试验鸡空腹称重并记录采食量，统计生长性能；从每个重复随机选取2只鸡采集血液样本并屠宰，采集胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊，分别测定血清生化、抗氧化及免疫指标，统计免疫器官指数；试验结束前4 d，采用全收粪法收集试验鸡排泄物，测定其养分含量，计算养分表观代谢率。【结果】①饲粮中添加巴西人参叶粉对灵山鸡平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)及料重比(F/G)无显著影响(P＞0.05)，但1.00%和2.00%添加组试验鸡终末体重有增加趋势(P＝0.094)。②2.00%巴西人参叶粉添加组试验鸡粗蛋白质表观代谢率显著高于对照组和1.00%添加组(P＜0.05)，其他养分代谢率组间差异不显著(P＞0.05)；③1.00%和2.00%巴西人参叶粉添加组试验鸡血清总蛋白含量显著高于对照组和3.00%添加组(P＜0.05)，各添加组试验鸡血清甘油三酯含量均显著低于对照组(P＜0.05)。④与对照组相比，1.00%和2.00%巴西人参叶粉添加组试验鸡血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著升高(P＜0.05)；各添加组试验鸡血清丙二醛含量有降低趋势，但差异不显著(P＝0.061)。⑤与对照组相比，饲粮中添加不同水平巴西人参叶粉后灵山鸡血清免疫球蛋白G含量显著升高(P＜0.05)；1.00%和2.00%添加组灵山鸡法氏囊指数显著升高(P＜0.05)。【结论】饲粮中添加适宜水平巴西人参叶粉可提高灵山鸡粗蛋白质代谢率，改善机体的脂质代谢，增强机体抗氧化能力和免疫功能。本试验条件下巴西人参叶粉添加水平为1.00%～2.00%效果较好。

关键词: 灵山鸡; 巴西人参叶粉; 生长性能; 抗氧化功能; 免疫功能

Abstract: 【Objective】 This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of Pfaffia paniculata leaf meal on the growth performance，nutrient metabolism，antioxidant capacity and immunity function of Lingshan chickens. 【Method】 A single-factor completely randomized design was employed.A total of 240 healthy 1-day-old female Lingshan chickens with similar body weight were randomly divided into control group (fed with basal diet) and three groups with 1.00%,2.00% and 3.00% of Pfaffia paniculata leaf meal. Each group consisted of 6 repetitions,with 10 chickens in each repetition.The pre-test period was 7 days and the formal test period was 35 days.At the end of the experiment,the body weights of the test chickens were measured and the feed intake was recorded on a per-replicate basis.The growth performance was also statistically analyzed.For each replicate,2 chickens were randomly selected for blood sampling and slaughter.The thymus,spleen,and bursa of Fabricius were collected,and the serum biochemical,antioxidant and immune indicators were measured.The immune organ indices were also statistically analyzed.On the last 4 days of the experiment,the feces of the experimental chickens were collected using the total feces collection method,and the nutrient contents were determined.The apparent metabolic rate of nutrients were calculated. 【Result】 ①Dietary supplementation with Pfaffia paniculata leaf meal had no significant effect on the average daily feed intake (ADFI),average daily gain (ADG),and feed-to-gain ratio (F/G) of Lingshan chickens (P＞0.05).However,the final body weight tended to increase in 1.00% and 2.00% addition groups (P＝0.094).②The apparent protein metabolic rate in the addition group with 2.00% Pfaffia paniculata leaf meal was significantly higher than that of control group and 1.00% addition group (P＜0.05),while there were no significant differences in the metabolic rates of other nutrients among the groups (P＞0.05).③The total protein content in serum of chickens in the addition groups with 1.00% and 2.00% Pfaffia paniculata leaf meal was significantly higher than that of control group and 3.00% addition group (P＜0.05),and the triglyceride content in the serum of chickens in each addition group was significantly lower than that of control group (P＜0.05).④Compared with control group,the serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of chickens in the addition groups with 1.00% and 2.00% Pfaffia paniculata leaf meal significantly increased (P＜0.05).The content of malondialdehyde in serum of chickens in each addition group showed a decreasing trend,but the difference was not significant (P＝0.061). ⑤Compared with control group,the serum immunoglobulin G content of Lingshan chickens significantly increased after adding different levels of Pfaffia paniculata leaf meal to the diet (P＜0.05).The bursa of Fabricius index in 1.00% and 2.00% addition groups significantly increased (P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】 Dietary supplementation with Pfaffia paniculata leaf meal at appropriate levels could increase the apparent metabolic rate of crude protein，improve the lipid metabolism，and enhance the antioxidant capacity and immune function in Lingshan chickens.Under the conditions of this experiment,the supplementation level of 1.00% to 2.00% Pfaffia paniculata leaf meal showed better effects.

Key words: Lingshan chickens; Pfaffia paniculata leaf meal; growth performance; antioxidant function; immunity function

中图分类号:

S831.5

刘亚萍, 卢月樟, 黄金枝, 吴培灵, 王润莲. 巴西人参叶粉对灵山鸡生长性能、抗氧化及免疫功能的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(11): 5226-5234.

LIU Yaping, LU Yuezhang, HUANG Jinzhi, WU Peiling, WANG Runlian. Effects of Pfaffia paniculata Leaf Meal on Growth Performance, Antioxidant and Immune Function of Lingshan Chickens[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(11): 5226-5234.

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