霉菌毒素对母猪生殖系统的损伤机制研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.10.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 霉菌毒素作为真菌的次生代谢产物，广泛存在于自然界，其在农作物及饲料中的污染问题已引发全球关注。霉菌毒素的毒性特征包括肝毒性、致癌性、致畸性、免疫毒性及神经毒性，可对人和动物健康造成严重危害。作为猪饲料安全的重大威胁因素，霉菌毒素可通过多种途径干扰母猪生殖系统的生理功能，导致不孕、流产等繁殖障碍，甚至穿透胎盘屏障影响围产期胎儿健康与子代发育。因此，阐明其生殖毒性机制对于减轻与繁殖相关的风险和制定有针对性的预防策略至关重要。文章系统总结了主要霉菌毒素的分类及中国饲料原料和饲料中霉菌毒素的污染现状。霉菌毒素可通过饲料侵入母猪体内，造成卵巢功能损伤、子宫发育障碍和生殖内分泌调控紊乱等多重伤害。对此，着重从分子层面解析霉菌毒素对卵泡发育障碍、卵母细胞成熟缺陷及颗粒细胞凋亡调控等相关信号通路的损伤机制。在防控技术方面，文章整合了物理吸附、化学降解和生物转化等多元化脱毒策略，提出系统的防控框架，基于多视角下，阐释霉菌毒素的生殖毒性效应及其干预节点，为建立母猪繁殖障碍综合防控体系提供了重要理论依据。

关键词: 霉菌毒素; 母猪; 繁殖障碍; 毒性作用; 防控策略

Abstract: As toxic fungal secondary metabolites,mycotoxins are ubiquitously present in agroecosystems,with their contamination in crops and feed materials has emerged as a global threat to food safety.These compounds exhibit well-characterized hepatotoxic,carcinogenic,teratogenic,immunotoxic,and neurotoxic properties,posing substantial risks to human and animal health.Mycotoxins severely impair the physiological homeostasis of reproductive system in sows through multi-pathway disruptions,leading to infertility,abortions and other reproductive disorders.Therefore,elucidating the mechanisms underlying their reproductive toxicity is critical for mitigating breeding-associated risks and developing targeted prevention strategies.This review systematically summarizes the classification of major mycotoxins and their contamination profiles in Chinese raw materials and feed.Mycotoxins enter sows through contaminated feed,inducing multi-level impairments including ovarian dysfunction,uterine developmental anomalies,and dysregulation of reproductive endocrine homeostasis.The review provides a molecular-level analysis of mycotoxin-induced damage mechanisms associated with follicular developmental disorders,oocyte maturation defects,and regulation of granulosa cell apoptosis through specific signaling pathways.Regarding mitigation technologies,the article integrates diversified detoxification strategies including physical adsorption,chemical degradation,and microbial biotransformation,and proposes a systematic framework.By elucidating the reproductive toxicological effects of mycotoxins and their intervention nodes from multi-faceted analysis,so as to provide a critical theoretical foundation for establishing a comprehensive prevention system against sow reproductive disorders.

Key words: mycotoxins; sows; reproductive disorders; toxicity; prophylactic strategies

中图分类号:

S859.8

谢煜鹏, 邹红, 张树敏, 孙武胜. 霉菌毒素对母猪生殖系统的损伤机制研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(10): 4663-4676.

XIE Yupeng, ZOU Hong, ZHANG Shumin, SUN Wusheng. Research Progress on the Damage Mechanism of Mycotoxins on the Reproductive System of Sows[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(10): 4663-4676.

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